Table 8.
Techniques for the large-scale production of bioactive metabolites in E. longifolia using bioreactor including the explant used, the culture condition, and the results.
| Explants | Bioreactor Type | Culture Media/Condition | Inoculation Condition | Outcome/Opt. Condition | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CS | Bubble column | ½ MS with 25 g/L sucrose + 1.1 and 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and KIN | 5.0 g/L cells at 0.3 vvm aeration and 18L: 6D UV | UV improved canthin-6-one and β-carboline | [82] |
| ARs | 5 L balloon- type bubble |
¾ MS + IBA and NAA and varying ratios of NH4+:NO3− | 5.0 g/L ARs at 0.1 vvm aeration in dark | IBA, NAA, and 1:2 NH4+:NO3− are optimum | [86] |
| CS | 5 L balloon-type bubble | MS + 3.0 mg/L NAA, 3% sucrose and 0:60 NH4+:NO3− | 40–80 g/L cell at 0.05–0.3 vvm and 16L: 8D lighting of 40 µmol/m2/s | 50 g/L and 0.3 vvm improved biomass and phenols | [60] |
| HRs | 20 L spherical bubble | Liq. WPM with 30 g/L sucrose and 40 mg/L YE | 3.0 g/L HRs inoculated at 1.5 vvm in dark | Bioreactor improved biomass and synthesis of canthin-6-one alkaloids | [102] |
| ARs | 5 L bubble column | ¾ MS with diff. sucrose cons. + 3 mg/L IBA | 2.5–5.0 g/L ARs inoculated at 0.05–0.1 vvm in dark | 40 g/L sucrose, 5.0 g/L density, and 0.05 vvm were optimum for biomass and eurycomanone synthesis | [101] |
| HRs | 5 L bioreactor | MS basal medium | Dark conditions | Biomass improved by 20-fold | [103] |
Key: CS = cell suspension; ARs = adventitious roots; HRs = hairy roots; KIN = kinetin; IBA = indole-3-butyric acid; NAA = 1-naphthaleneacetic acid; MS = Murashige and Skoog medium; WPM = woody plant medium; YE = yeast extract.