Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| Variable Mean ± SD or n (%) |
All Participants (n = 116) |
With T2DM (n = 42) |
Without T2DM (n = 74) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 47.2 ± 12.9 | 52.4 ± 10.3 | 44.3 ± 13.4 | <0.001 * |
| Female | 78 (67.2%) | 26 (61.9%) | 52 (70.3%) | 0.356 |
| Caucasian ethnicity | 79 (68.1%) | 25 (59.5%) | 54 (73.0%) | 0.135 |
| In paid employment | 34 (29.3%) | 6 (14.3%) | 28 (37.8%) | 0.007 * |
| Anthropometry and Comorbidities | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 153.6 ± 33.4 | 150.5 ± 34.1 | 155.3 ± 33.2 | 0.464 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 54.5 ± 11.0 | 54.8 ± 10.7 | 54.4 ± 11.3 | 0.853 |
| Waist circumference | 142.9 ± 17.1 | 146.3 ± 15.1 | 141.4 ± 17.8 | 0.203 |
| Hypertension | 62 (53.4%) | 27 (64.3%) | 35 (47.3%) | 0.078 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 54 (46.6%) | 27 (64.3%) | 27 (36.5%) | 0.004 * |
| Cardiovascular disease | 16 (13.8%) | 9 (21.4%) | 7 (9.5%) | 0.072 |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea | 63 (54.3%) | 25 (59.5%) | 38 (51.4%) | 0.396 |
| GORD | 44 (37.9%) | 22 (52.4%) | 22 (29.7%) | 0.016 * |
| Thyroid disorder | 12 (10.3%) | 3 (7.1%) | 9 (12.2%) | 0.394 |
* Significant at p < 0.05. BMI: body mass index. GORD: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. T2DM: type 2 diabetes.