| AMPK | Adenosine monophosphate-activate protein kinase |
| DPPIVis | Dipeptidyl peptidase type IV inhibitors |
| FGF | Fibroblast growth factor |
| FGF19 | Fibroblast growth factor 19 |
| GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 |
| GLP-1RAs | GLP-1 receptor agonists |
| GIP | Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide |
| GH | Growth hormone |
| IGF | Insulin-like growth factor |
| IL | Interleukin |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| PGC-1α | Peroxisome proliferator co-activator 1 alpha |
| SPARC | Secreted proteins acidic and rich in cysteine |
| Smad | Small mother against decapentaplegic |
| SGLT2is | Sodium-glucose (co) transporter type 2 inhibitors |
| TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor α |
| T2D | Type 2 diabetes |
| Vit-D | Vitamin D |
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