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. 2024 Jan 10;19(1):e0295926. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295926

Table 4. CAPS-5 PTSD total severity scores by treatment group and baseline self-experience levels.

Therapy with placebo MDMA-assisted therapy
Baseline
(n = 44)
Visit 20
(n = 40)
Change Baseline
(n = 46)
Visit 20
(n = 42)
Change N Between-group difference in change scores 95% CI
Overall Sample 44.23 (6.15) 30.48 (12.56) -13.32 (1.95)* 43.98 (6.01) 19.55 (13.50) -24.65 (2.18)* 82 -11.33 -16.59, 6.08
Baseline TAS-20, mean (SD)1,2,8
    No alexithymia 45.19 (2.64) 24.61 (2.79) -20.59 (3.75)* 42.38 (2.60) 17.96 (2.73) -24.41 (3.64)* 33 -5.24 -15.44, 4.97
    Borderline or Alexithymia 44.18 (2.14) 34.98 (2.23) -9.19 (3.09) 46.23 (2.16) 21.77 (2.25) -24.46 (3.03)* 49 -16.16 -28.80, -7.52*
Baseline SCS, mean (SD)1,3,8
    Moderate or High 42.47 (2.97) 26.01 (3.07) -16.46 (4.23)* 43.16 (2.56) 20.64 (2.62) -22.52 (3.61)* 31 -7.48 -18.67, 3.70
    Low 45.92 (2.02) 33.48 (2.13) -12.43 (2.91)* 46.38 (2.21) 20.66 (2.35) -25.72 (3.08)* 51 -13.85 -22.84, -4.86*
Baseline IASC, mean (SD)1
    Interpersonal Conflicts
          ≤ median 2.33 45.00 (2.25) 31.73 (2.40) -13.27 (3.25)* 43.43 (2.32) 18.09 (2.42) -25.33 (3.29)* 42 -12.80 -22.38, -3.21*
          > median 45.03 (2.44) 30.71 (2.51) -14.32 (3.49)* 47.37 (2.35) 23.93 (2.47) -23.44 (3.29)* 40 -9.72 -19.79, 0.35
    Idealization-Disillusionment8
          ≤ median 1.84 46.04 (2.52) 30.97 (2.72) -15.07 (3.64)* 44.03 (2.15) 17.12 (2.25) -26.91 (3.04)* 40 -12.80 -22.61, -2.98*
          > median 44.33 (2.15) 31.51 (2.20) -12.82 (3.07)* 47.40 (2.49) 26.43 (2.62) 20.96 (3.49)* 42 -8.54 -18.41, 1.34
    Abandonment Concerns8
          ≤ median 2.28 45.00 (2.47) 31.47 (2.66) -13.54 (3.56)* 42.91 (2.23) 18.17 (2.28) -24.72 (3.09)* 41 -12.29 -22.12, -2.46*
          > median 44.87 (2.21) 30.94 (2.26) -13.93 (3.15)* 48.04 (2.42) 24.45 (2.61) -23.59 (3.47)* 41 -10.29 -20.34, -0.23*
    Identity Impairment8
          ≤ median 4.83 45.64 (2.43) 29.94 (2.49) -15.70 (3.38)* 42.71 (2.17) 15.87 (2.21) -26.84 (3.01)* 43 -11.87 -21.18, -2.56*
          > median 44.49 (2.15) 32.43 (2.30) -12.07 (3.15)* 48.61 (2.38) 27.88 (2.58) -20.73 (3.39)* 39 -9.98 -20.41, 0.45
      Self-Awareness
            ≤ median 3.00 44.27 (2.35) 29.94 (2.39) -14.33 (3.28)* 42.53 (2.36) 17.53 (2.52) -24.99 (3.36)* 42 -11.05 -20.62, -1.48*
            > median 45.45 (2.40) 32.44 (2.59) -13.01 (3.53)* 47.61 (2.36) 23.53 (2.43) -24.09 (3.28)* 40 -11.88 -22.21, -1.54*
      Identity Diffusion8
            ≤ median 1.75 47.00 (2.34) 32.06 (2.44) -14.94 (3.31)* 43.73 (2.19) 17.19 (2.29) -26.54 (3.10)* 43 -12.56 -21.92, -3.21*
            > median 43.38 (2.29) 30.77 (2.40) -12.61 (3.31)* 48.09 (2.44) 26.37 (2.55) -21.71 (3.40)* 39 -9.57 -19.83, 0.69
    Susceptibility to Influence8
            ≤ median 1.78 44.76 (2.33) 31.25 (2.49) -13.51 (3.34)* 43.76 (2.33) 17.13 (2.50) -26.63 (3.34)* 40 -13.96 -23.68, -4.24*
            > median 45.21 (2.39) 31.17 (2.45) -14.05 (3.42)* 46.90 (2.37) 24.41 (2.41) -22.50 (3.26)* 42 -8.78 -18.65, 1.09
    Affect Dysregulation8
          ≤ median 5.80 44.42 (2.34) 27.58 (2.45) -16.83 (3.34)* 43.30 (2.34) 16.83 (2.44) -26.47 (3.27)* 41 -10.81 -20.37, -1.24*
          > median 45.07 (2.32) 34.38 (2.43) -10.69 (3.34) 46.52 (2.31) 24.19 (2.42) -22.33 (3.27)* 41 -12.07 -21.71, -2.44*
      Affect Instability8
≤ median 2.50 44.53 (2.41) 29.35 (2.52) -15.18 (3.42)* 43.82 (2.27) 19.11 (2.35) -24.71 (3.13)* 44 -10.66 -20.08, -1.25*
            > median 45.01 (2.36) 32.67 (2.48) -12.35 (3.42)* 46.45 (2.52) 22.50 (2.66) -23.95 (3.60)* 38 -12.03 -22.28, -1.77*
      Affect Skill Deficit
          ≤ median 3.00 44.16 (2.32) 28.11 (2.37) -16.06 (3.28)* 42.88 (2.28) 17.39 (2.37) -25.50 (3.17)* 43 -10.18 -19.67, -0.70*
          > median 45.40 (2.31) 34.24 (2.48) -11.17 (3.37) 47.28 (2.34) 24.10 (2.46) -23.17 (3.32)* 39 -12.70 -22.60, -2.79*
    Tension Reduction Activities8
            ≤ median 1.78 44.67 (2.48) 28.71 (2.67) -15.96 (3.60)* 43.73 (2.22) 18.59 (2.30) -25.14 (3.09)* 41 -10.20 -20.01, -0.39*
            > median 44.95 (2.23) 32.79 (2.29) -12.16 (3.18)* 46.77 (2.49) 23.41 (2.64) -23.36 (3.54)* 41 -11.82 -21.73, -1.91*

1 Abbreviations: TAS-20 = Toronto Alexithymia Scale; SCS = Self-Compassion Scale; IASC = Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities; ASC = Altered Self-Capacities

2 TAS-20 cutoff scores: no alexithymia ≤50; borderline alexithymia (51–60); alexithymia (≥61) (Bagby et al. 1994)

3 SCS cutoff scores: low (1–2.4); moderate (2.5–3.4); high (3.5–5.0) (Neff 2003)

4 Change scores are Least Square Means (Standard Errors)

5 (*) = indicates a p-value of < .05 for within-subjects comparison of baseline vs. follow-up scores

6 (*) indicates a p-value of < .05 for between-group subjects’ comparison of Therapy with placebo change scores vs. MDMA-assisted therapy change scores

7 All models adjusted for baseline CAPS-5 Dissociative Subtype (Yes/ No), baseline self-experience score (TAS-20, SCS, or IASC score), change in TAS-20, SCS, or IASC scores, and corrected for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s HSD

8 Baseline levels predicted CAPS-5 change scores