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. 2023 Dec 29;16(1):121. doi: 10.3390/nu16010121

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Joint effects of binary E-DII groups and each inflammation-related lifestyle factor on the risk of total anxiety disorders in the UK Biobank. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; E-DII, energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index; HR, hazard ratio; MV, multivariable; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction. a E-DII scores were divided into two groups using the median (−0.03) as the cutoff with the low E-DII group as the reference level. b The multivariable-adjusted Cox model was adjusted for age group, average total energy, E-DII groups, ethnicity, education qualification, Townsend deprivation index, cigarette smoking status, alcohol, drinking status, physical activity level, BMI status, supplement use, and the number of related comorbidities at baseline, with all these variables defined in the same way as those listed in Table 1. HRs and 95% CIs of incident total anxiety for each combined group of the binary E-DII joined with a baseline inflammation-related lifestyle were calculated when treating subjects at the low E-DII group, with the most anti-inflammatory level of the lifestyle as the reference. c RERI was calculated to estimate the additive interaction. All p-values > 0.10 in this figure if not specified. d Multiplicative interaction was obtained by the difference between the observed HR for the joint association and the expected HR for the joint effect of two independent risk factors. The p-value for multiplicative interaction was calculated with the cross-product of binary E-DII and the inflammation-related lifestyle in the multivariable-adjusted Cox model. All p-values > 0.10 in this figure if not specified. e These inflammation-related lifestyles are all nominal variables with more than two levels, and the additive and multiplicative interaction indicators and corresponding p-values for each group compared to the reference lifestyle group were reported as separate independent risk factors. f For these two lifestyle variables, we only included the two extreme levels as these are ordinal variables. g p-value = 0.06. h p-value = 0.10.