Table 6.
In vitro antibacterial effects of D. carota subspecies.
| DC Subspecies | Plant Organ, Location | Treatment | Detail | Concentration/MICs | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| carota | Herbs and umbels, Poland | Essential oil (hydrodistillation) | Inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. | MIC = 3–5 μL/mL | [8] |
| Inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | MIC = ≥8 μL/mL | ||||
| Ripe and unripe fruits, flowers, roots, leaves. and stems; Serbia | All oils; strongest inhibitory effects against Bacillus cereus: | MIC = 5.0–50.0 μL/mL | [69] | ||
| Ripe fruit oil; | MIC = 5.0–25.0 μL/mL | ||||
| Unripe fruit oil; | MIC = 10.0–25.0 μL/mL | ||||
| Flower oil; | MIC = 50.0–400.0 μL/mL | ||||
| Root oil; | MIC = 5.0–150.0 μL/mL | ||||
| Stem oil; | MIC = 25.0–250.0 μL/mL | ||||
| Leaf oil. | MIC = 25.0–350.0 μL/mL | ||||
| Ripe umbels, Portugal | Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. | MIC = 0.32–0.64 μL/mL | [66] | ||
| Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. | MIC > 10 μL/mL | ||||
| Leaves, flower, petals, and fruits; Uzbekistan |
Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. | MIC = 6–7 μL/mL | [71] | ||
| The aerial parts, France | Essential oil (vapor distillation) | Inhibitory effects against C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari. | MIC = 250 μg/mL | [5] | |
| Inhibitory effects against C. jejuni F38O11, LV7, and LV9 clinical isolates vs. human isolate LV11. | MIC = 250 µg/mL vs. MIC = 500 µg/mL |
||||
| Inhibitory effects against C. jejuni LM7A. | MIC = 250 µg/mL | ||||
| Inhibitory effects against C. jejuni Lme27A. | MIC = 125 µg/mL | ||||
| Umbels, Tunisia | Essential oil (hydrodistillation) and supercritical CO2 extracts | Inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300. | MIC > 2.5% (v/v) | [9] | |
| Umbels, Lebanon | Daucus carota (DC) aqueous and methanolic extracts | Inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus meti S and meti R: | [97] | ||
| Aqueous extract; | MIC = 20 mg/mL | ||||
| Methanolic extract. | MIC = 10 mg/mL | ||||
| maritimus | Flowers and roots, Tunisia | Essential oil (hydrodistillation) | Inhibitory effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. | MIC = 1.25–5 mg/mL | [76] |
| Flower oil: more effective against E. coli (ESLβ). | MIC = 1.25 mg/mL | ||||
| Root oil: more effective against S. aureus, S. pneumonia, Shigella spp., and E. faecalis. | MIC = 1.25 mg/mL | ||||
| hispanicus | Roots and aerial parts, Algeria | Aerial part oil: | [77] | ||
| Inhibitory effects against B. subtilis; | MIC = 1.2 mg/mL | ||||
| Inhibitory effects against S. aureus. Root oil: |
MIC = 4.8 mg/mL | ||||
| Inhibitory effects against B. subtilis; | MIC = 1.5 mg/mL | ||||
| Inhibitory effects against S. aureus. | MIC = 4.2 mg/mL | ||||
| maximus | Green seeds, Italy | Essential oil (steam distillation) | Inhibitory effects against Gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus and six out of twenty-five L. monocytogenes strains) and Grams-negative strains (Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ICE272). | MIC = 1.25–2.5 μL/mL | [75] |