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. 2024 Jan 3;24(1):291. doi: 10.3390/s24010291

Table 1.

Comparison of our proposed method with other decoupling approaches.

Ref. Decoupling Approach Frequency Bands (GHz) Array
Application
Antenna Element Separation (mm) Reflection Coefficient (dB) Coupling Reduction (dB) Main Lobe Gain Enhancement (dB)
[22] Cloaking
(Circular Cloaks)
LF 1: 3.07
HF 2: 3.33
Not addressed 10 LF 1: −12 (C 3)
−17 (Dc 4)
HF 2: −11.5 (C 3)
−16 (Dc 4)
Not addressed LF 1: ~2
HF 2: ~1.5
(Gain pattern restored)
[25] Cloaking
(Elliptical Cloaks)
LF 1: 3
HF 2: 3.33
Not addressed 16 LF 1: −19 (C 3)
−20 (Dc 4)
HF 2: −12 (C 3)
−21 (Dc 4)
LF 1: ~25.5
HF 2: ~29.5
LF 1: ~1
HF 2: ~1
(Gain pattern restored)
[26] Cloaking
(Circular Cloaks)
LF 1: 0.92
HF 2: 3.2
Not addressed 36 At LF 1: −14
At HF 2: −20
Not addressed At HF 2: ~5
(Gain pattern restored)
[27] Cloaking
(Elliptical Cloaks)
LF 1: 4.5
HF 2: 5.5
Possible but not addressed 3 LF 1: −18 (C 3)
−30 (Dc 4)
HF 2: −12 (C 3)
−30 (Dc 4)
LF 1: ~20
HF 2: ~20
LF 1: ~1.32
HF 2: ~3
(Gain pattern restored)
[29] Cloaking
(Circular Cloaks)
LF 1: 0.79–0.86
HF 2: 1.9–2.2
Not addressed ~36.3 LF 1: −25 (C 3)
−18 (Dc 4)
HF 2: −8 (C 3)
−17.5 (Dc 4)
At HF 2: ~10 At HF 2: ~2–3
(Gain pattern restored)
[30] Cloaking
(Circular Cloaks)
LF 1: 0.69–0.96
HF 2: 1.71–2.71
LF 1 antenna placed over 2 × 3 HF 2 array ~20 Not addressed Not addressed For HF 2 array: ~4
[37] C-PDDN 5 LF 1: 2.3–2.4
HF 2: 2.4–2.48
Possible but not addressed 96.5 LF 1: −20 (C 3)
−40 (Dc 4)
HF 2: −15 (C 3)
−20 (Dc 4)
LF 1: ~21
HF 2: ~21
Not addressed
[38] FSS 6 Radiator LF 1: 1.8–2.7
HF 2: 3.3–3.8
LF 1 antenna placed over 2 × 2 HF 2 array ~25 At LF 1: −22.5 (Dc 4)
For HF 2 array: −27.5 (Dc 4)
At LF 1: ~25
At HF 2: ~21
Gain enhancement not addressed. Peak gain:
At LF 1: ~7
For HF 2 array: ~9
[40] Slot Loading LF 1: 0.69–0.96
HF 2: 1.7–2.4
LF 1 antenna placed over 2 × 2 HF 2 array ~33 At LF 1: −25 (Dc 4)
For HF 2 array: −30 (Dc 4)
At LF 1: ~30
At HF 2: ~30
Gain enhancement not addressed. Peak gain:
At LF 1: ~8
For HF 2 array: ~12
[41] 2.5 D Cloak Loading LF 1: 1.64–2.56
HF 2: 4.4–5.0
LF 1 antenna placed over HF 2 array 40 At LF 1: −25 (Dc 4)
For HF 2 array: −20 (Dc 4)
At LF 1: ~25
At HF 2: ~25
Peak gain:
At LF 1: ~7
At HF 2: ~7.2
PW 7 Cloaking
(Planar Cloaks)
LF 1: 4.9
HF 2: 5.2
Interleaved array (side-by-side antenna placement) 2 LF 1 array:>−10 (C 3)
~−15 (Dc 4)
HF 2 array:>−10 (C 3)
~−12 (Dc 4)
At LF 1 array:~12.5
At HF 2 array:~12.5
At LF 1 array: ~3.2
At HF 2 array: ~8.3 (gain pattern for each array is restored)
PW 7 Cloaking
(Planar Cloaks)
LF 1: 4.5
HF 2: 4.7
Interleaved array (side-by-side antenna placement) 1.5 LF 1 array:−12 (C 3)
−20 (Dc 4)
HF 2 array:−11 (C 3)
−18 (Dc 4)
At LF 1 array: ~8
At HF 2 array: ~12
At LF 1 array: ~3.7
At HF 2 array: ~6.8 (gain pattern for each array is restored)

1 Lower frequency, 2 higher frequency, 3 coupled, 4 decoupled, 5 cascaded power dividing decoupling network, 6 frequency-selective surface, 7 proposed work.