Table 2.
Multinomial logit model for use of specialist palliative care (SPC) with no use of SPC as reference: cancer
| SPC 1 week or less | SPC 7–30 days | SPC 30–180 days | SPC more than 180 days | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE | |
| Male | − 0.020 | 0.115 | − 0.052 | 0.089 | − 0.186* | 0.078 | − 0.237 | 0.130 |
| Age | − 0.003 | 0.006 | − 0.008 | 0.005 | − 0.011** | 0.004 | − 0.024*** | 0.006 |
| Hospital days lag year | 0.006* | 0.003 | − 0.002 | 0.003 | − 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Residential aged care | − 1.005*** | 0.277 | − 0.681*** | 0.172 | 0.069 | 0.117 | 0.364* | 0.172 |
| Health good/very good/excellent | 0.289* | 0.124 | 0.104 | 0.092 | 0.123 | 0.080 | 0.209 | 0.130 |
| Rx-Risk comorbidity lag year | − 0.004 | 0.015 | − 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.018 | 0.010 | 0.067*** | 0.014 |
| Radiotherapy final year | 0.257* | 0.111 | 0.156 | 0.085 | 0.542*** | 0.075 | 0.657*** | 0.126 |
| Chemotherapy final year | 0.228 | 0.119 | 0.153 | 0.093 | 0.391*** | 0.080 | 0.255* | 0.129 |
| Private health insurance | 0.393*** | 0.116 | 0.497*** | 0.089 | 0.522*** | 0.078 | 0.586*** | 0.127 |
| Last inpatient episode acute care | 0.097 | 0.199 | − 0.251 | 0.132 | − 0.395*** | 0.105 | − 0.852*** | 0.173 |
| Inpatient palliative care episode | 2.871*** | 0.168 | 2.358*** | 0.110 | 1.974*** | 0.089 | 1.368*** | 0.133 |
| Intensive care final year | − 0.152 | 0.152 | − 0.142 | 0.117 | − 0.227* | 0.104 | − 0.294 | 0.174 |
| Household income missing | − 0.089 | 0.131 | 0.000 | 0.098 | 0.056 | 0.086 | 0.100 | 0.138 |
| Household income > AU$40,000 pa | 0.169 | 0.141 | 0.012 | 0.110 | 0.027 | 0.094 | − 0.079 | 0.151 |
| Decile of relative socio-economic advantage: | ||||||||
| 2 | 0.167 | 0.222 | − 0.028 | 0.172 | 0.184 | 0.156 | − 0.007 | 0.275 |
| 3 | 0.199 | 0.223 | 0.106 | 0.170 | 0.189 | 0.157 | 0.276 | 0.261 |
| 4 | 0.171 | 0.225 | − 0.106 | 0.178 | − 0.076 | 0.165 | 0.237 | 0.259 |
| 5 | − 0.018 | 0.255 | 0.175 | 0.183 | 0.194 | 0.168 | 0.240 | 0.277 |
| 6 | 0.320 | 0.240 | 0.179 | 0.185 | 0.171 | 0.170 | 0.113 | 0.285 |
| 7 | 0.140 | 0.252 | 0.139 | 0.188 | 0.499** | 0.163 | 0.022 | 0.293 |
| 8 | 0.029 | 0.258 | 0.034 | 0.196 | 0.236 | 0.173 | 0.242 | 0.279 |
| 9 | 0.246 | 0.256 | 0.301 | 0.191 | 0.456** | 0.170 | 0.226 | 0.280 |
| 10 | 0.629* | 0.253 | 0.480* | 0.193 | 0.681*** | 0.171 | 0.660* | 0.276 |
| Underlying cause of deatha: | ||||||||
| Lung cancer | − 0.626* | 0.281 | − 0.430 | 0.236 | − 0.247 | 0.220 | − 0.823* | 0.322 |
| Colorectal cancer | − 0.471 | 0.298 | − 0.228 | 0.249 | 0.008 | 0.230 | − 0.235 | 0.330 |
| Prostate cancer | − 1.357*** | 0.331 | − 0.658* | 0.256 | − 0.213 | 0.231 | − 0.295 | 0.325 |
| Breast cancer | − 0.550 | 0.323 | − 0.418 | 0.268 | − 0.576* | 0.247 | − 0.451 | 0.342 |
| Pancreatic cancer | − 0.369 | 0.312 | − 0.143 | 0.259 | 0.098 | 0.240 | − 0.293 | 0.355 |
| Melanoma | − 0.797* | 0.367 | − 0.412 | 0.292 | − 0.011 | 0.256 | − 1.089* | 0.438 |
| Haematological cancer | − 0.661* | 0.286 | − 0.556* | 0.241 | − 0.765*** | 0.230 | − 1.374*** | 0.351 |
| Other cancer | − 0.605* | 0.264 | − 0.140 | 0.221 | − 0.081 | 0.210 | − 0.656* | 0.301 |
| Local health district of residence: | ||||||||
| Metropolitan 2 | 0.626* | 0.308 | 0.459 | 0.240 | − 0.443* | 0.187 | − 0.995** | 0.343 |
| Metropolitan 3 | 0.511 | 0.299 | 0.702** | 0.227 | 0.276 | 0.169 | 0.402 | 0.266 |
| Metropolitan 4 | 0.845** | 0.309 | 0.659** | 0.245 | 0.036 | 0.189 | − 0.079 | 0.310 |
| Metropolitan 5 | − 0.433 | 0.358 | − 0.604* | 0.283 | − 1.337*** | 0.229 | − 0.959** | 0.352 |
| Metropolitan 6 | 1.280*** | 0.300 | 1.452*** | 0.227 | 0.858*** | 0.169 | 0.966*** | 0.266 |
| Regional/rural 1 | 1.315*** | 0.300 | 1.344*** | 0.232 | 0.745*** | 0.177 | 0.758** | 0.279 |
| Regional/rural 2 | − 0.471 | 0.380 | − 0.654* | 0.294 | − 1.684*** | 0.248 | − 1.427*** | 0.388 |
| Regional/rural 3 | − 0.626* | 0.297 | − 0.912*** | 0.233 | − 1.976*** | 0.187 | − 1.542*** | 0.292 |
| Regional/rural 4 | − 3.121*** | 0.642 | − 2.063*** | 0.339 | − 2.506*** | 0.258 | − 3.097*** | 0.562 |
| Regional/rural 5 | − 0.882* | 0.368 | − 0.598* | 0.267 | − 1.628*** | 0.224 | − 1.289*** | 0.346 |
| Regional/rural 6 | − 3.703*** | 1.039 | − 2.240*** | 0.418 | − 2.268*** | 0.281 | − 2.891*** | 0.632 |
| Regional/rural 7 | − 1.990*** | 0.452 | − 1.772*** | 0.323 | − 2.513*** | 0.265 | − 4.348*** | 1.032 |
| Regional/rural 8 and 9 | −2.777*** | 0.571 | − 2.181*** | 0.352 | − 2.125*** | 0.231 | − 2.219*** | 0.416 |
| Year of death: | ||||||||
| 2007 | − 0.739 | 0.474 | − 0.240 | 0.320 | − 0.350 | 0.308 | − 0.818 | 0.628 |
| 2008 | − 0.073 | 0.281 | − 0.187 | 0.226 | − 0.283 | 0.208 | − 0.755 | 0.403 |
| 2009 | − 0.235 | 0.213 | − 0.226 | 0.167 | − 0.314* | 0.153 | − 0.060 | 0.235 |
| 2010 | − 0.127 | 0.207 | − 0.305 | 0.168 | − 0.015 | 0.144 | 0.226 | 0.216 |
| 2011 | − 0.392 | 0.207 | − 0.215 | 0.158 | − 0.067 | 0.139 | − 0.331 | 0.236 |
| 2012 | − 0.360 | 0.204 | − 0.074 | 0.153 | − 0.046 | 0.138 | − 0.074 | 0.218 |
| 2013 | − 0.501* | 0.201 | − 0.580*** | 0.161 | − 0.298* | 0.138 | − 0.252 | 0.217 |
| 2014 | − 0.348 | 0.200 | − 0.306 | 0.157 | − 0.026 | 0.134 | − 0.189 | 0.216 |
| 2015 | − 0.467* | 0.205 | − 0.207 | 0.154 | − 0.201 | 0.138 | − 0.137 | 0.211 |
| Constant | − 3.743*** | 0.629 | − 2.340*** | 0.486 | − 1.626*** | 0.423 | − 1.446* | 0.654 |
SE standard error
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
aReference is liver cancer.