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. 2023 May 16;21:3109–3123. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.015

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© 2023 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 6 — Potential functions and clinical applications of VA- and oxytocin-related biomarkers in ASD. (a–c) Comparison between VA-related biomarkers and oxytocin-related biomarkers in ASD. (d) Comparison between patients affected by DNMs and (e) CNVs in VA-related biomarkers, and oxytocin-related biomarkers (f) Evaluation of gene connections within or between biomarkers only associated with VA, or only associated with oxytocin (permutation test with 10,000 iterations). (g) ROC curves in the modelling cohort, (h) ROC curves in the processed validation cohort from the study of Zhou et al. (PMID:35982159), (i) ROC curves in the processed validation cohort from the study of Fu et al. (PMID:35982160). The best-fitting logistic regression models were constructed using the functional DNMs in VA- and oxytocin-related biomarkers, respectively, from the discovery cohort. Prediction of the ASD state in individuals for the discovery and validation cohorts. (Please see Methods). AUC values (95 % CIs) and accuracies were obtained from the corresponding logistic regression models for prediction. ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curves; VA, Vitamin a; OXT, oxytocin;.