Table 3. Emerging techniques in endodontic pain management: future perspectives.

IL-8, interleukin-8

Future prospect	Description and potential
GABAergic signaling	γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the inflamed dental pulp. Research suggests the presence of functional GABA receptors in dental pulp, offering the potential for managing endodontic pain.
Acupuncture	Used for pain mitigation and healing. Studies show it can be effective for postoperative pain relief in endodontics, with benefits over ibuprofen. It's being explored as an adjunctive therapy with local anesthesia, reducing apprehension and minimizing the need for oral analgesics.
In silico modulation	Focuses on inhibiting IL-8 found in inflamed periapical tissues. The use of small molecules like ZINC14613097 is being researched to develop drugs that could provide therapeutic effects against endodontic pain.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)	Laser photonic energy is used in root canal procedures and photobiomodulation for pain modulation. Effectiveness in reducing post-endodontic pain remains debated, with more randomized controlled trials needed. Some side effects like skin hyperpigmentation and thermal injury limit its use. A few studies report reduced postoperative pain with LLLT, suggesting it as a viable alternative for pain management.