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. 2023 Nov 29;18:e29. doi: 10.15420/icr.2023.08

Table 2: Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Circumstances and Initial Emergency Department Assessment.

Variable Total (n=219) CPC 0–2 (n=122, 56%) CPC 3–5 (n=97, 44%) p-value*
Resuscitation events:

  • Residence, n (%)

 116/219 (53) 53/122 (43) 63/97 (65) 0.002

  • Witnessed, n (%)

 186/219 (85) 107/122 (88) 79/97 (81) 0.198

  • Bystander CPR, n (%)

 193/219 (88) 113/122 (93) 80/97 (82) 0.021

  • Zero-flow time (min), median (range)

 0 (0–20) 0 (0–7.5) 0 (0–20) 0.013

  • Low-flow time (min), median (IQR)

 21 (12–34) 17 (9–26) 32 (20–45) <0.001

  • Shockable rhythm, n (%)

 172/219 (79) 117/122 (96) 55/97 (57) <0.001

  • No. defibrillations, median (IQR)

 2 (1–4) 2 (1–4) 2 (0–5) 0.081

  • Changing rhythms, n (%)

 66/219 (30) 13/122 (11) 53/97 (55) <0.001

  • Adrenaline dose (total mg), median (IQR)

 1 (0–3) 0 (0–1) 2 (1–4) <0.001

  • Any adrenaline dose, n (%)

 128/219 (58) 39/122 (32) 89/97 (92) <0.001
Initial physiology:

  • Assisted ventilation, n (%)

 163/219 (74) 76/122 (62) 87/97 (90) <0.001

  • SCAI shock grade, n (%):

 <0.001
A–B 143/219 (65) 101/122 (83) 42/97 (43)
C–E 76/219 (35) 21/122 (17) 55/97 (57)
pH, median (IQR) 7.20 (7.10–7.30) 7.26 (7.18–7.35) 7.11 (6.96–7.21) <0.001
Lactate (mmol/l), median (IQR) 4.8 (2.1–7.0) 3.9 (1.9–5.8) 6.1 (3.6–8.8) <0.001
Reactive pupils, n (%) 145/179 (80) 93/99 (94) 51/80 (64) <0.001
GCS, median (IQR) 3 (3–5) 3 (3–15) 3 (3–3) <0.001
GCS motor score = 1, n (%) 157/214 (73) 67/117 (57) 90/97 (93) <0.001
MIRACLE2 risk categories: <0.001

  • Low MIRACLE2 score (≤2)

 89/219 (41) 84/122 (69) 5/97 (5)

  • Intermediate MIRACLE2 score (3,4)

 66/219 (30) 35/122 (29) 31/97 (32)

  • High MIRACLE2 score (≥5)

 64/219 (29) 3/122 (2) 61/97 (63)

*Mann–Whitney U-test for median (IQR) comparisons (non-parametric), Fisher’s exact test for categorical 2 × 2 contingency tables and Pearson’s χ2 test for categorical variables of greater dimensions. CPC = Cerebral Performance Category; CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ED = emergency department; GCS = Glasgow Coma Score; SCAI = Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions.