TABLE 3.

Shared commonly expressed genes comprising the predicted GO:0055114~oxidation reduction pathway (P = 0.035) from liver of male B6 mice on a 20-week diet regimen of Western (W)/control (C) and C+kynurenine (Kyn)/C

Gene	Gene name	Function	W/C	C+Kyn/C
Scd1	Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1	An integral membrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum. SCD1 utilizes O(2) and electrons from reduced cytochrome B5 to introduce the first double bond into saturated fatty acyl-CoA substrates. Contributes to the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and triglycerides.	2.60	2.42
Steap4	STEAP family member 4	STEAP (six transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate) proteins reside in the golgi apparatus. A metalloreductase that reduces Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) and Cu(2+) to Cu(1+), using NAD(+) as acceptor.	1.80	1.65
Retsat	Retinol saturase (all-trans-retinol 13,14 reductase)	Catalyzes the saturation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol.	1.65	1.55
Hsd17b10	Hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 10	A mitochondrial protein that catalyzes the oxidation of a wide variety of fatty acids and steroids; also a subunit of mitochondrial ribonuclease P, which is involved in tRNA maturation.	2.06	1.49
Ehhadh	Enoyl-coenzyme A, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase	One of the four enzymes of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway. The N-terminal region of the encoded protein contains enoyl-CoA hydratase activity, whereas the C-terminal region contains 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity.	2.39	1.46
Ndufb6	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 6	A subunit of the multisubunit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain composed of 45 different subunits). An inner mitochondrial membrane protein that has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. Transfers electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain, in which the immediate electron acceptor is believed to be ubiquinone.	1.32	1.38
Ndufb2	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 2	An inner mitochondrial membrane protein that has NADH dehydrogenase activity and oxidoreductase activity. It plays an important role in transferring electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain.	1.27	1.32
Ndufs5	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5; cDNA sequence BC002163	This gene is a member of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur protein family. The protein is a subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I).	1.31	1.30
Ndufa7	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 7 (B14.5a)	Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain.	1.27	1.27
Ndufb9	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 9	Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain.	1.28	1.26
Ndufc1	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1, subcomplex unknown, 1	A subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I).	1.25	1.18
Txnl1	Thioredoxin-like 1	Involved in endocytosis and in protection against glucose deprivation–induced cytotoxicity.	0.87	0.86
Alox12E	Arachidonate lipoxygenase, epidermal	The enzyme is implicated in preventing diabetes, adipose dysfunction, obesity, atherosclerosis, and steatohepatitis.	0.75	0.84
Loxl4	Lysyl oxidase-like 4	Essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyzes the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin.	0.81	0.84
Fa2h	Fatty acid 2-hydroxylase	Catalyzes the synthesis of 2-hydroxysphingolipids, a subset of sphingolipids that contain 2-hydroxy fatty acids.	0.84	0.82
Hsd3b1	Hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1	Catalyzes the oxidative conversion of delta-5–3-beta-hydroxysteroid precursors into delta-4-ketosteroids, which leads to the production of all classes of steroid hormones. Also catalyzes the interconversion of 3-beta-hydroxy- and 3-keto-5-alpha-androstane steroids.	0.74	0.79
Dhrs2	Dehydrogenase/reductase member 2	A member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family, which has over 46,000 members. Members of this family are enzymes that metabolize many different compounds, such as steroid hormones, prostaglandins, retinoids, lipids, and xenobiotics.	0.78	0.78
Kcnab3	Potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, beta member 3	A member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. The encoded protein is one of the beta subunits, which are auxiliary proteins associated with functional Kv-alpha subunits.	0.76	0.74
Cyp24a1	Cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	A mitochondrial monooxygenase that initiates the degradation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the physiologically active form of vitamin D3, by hydroxylation of the side chain.	0.80	0.73
Mthfd2	Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+dependent), methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase	A nuclear-encoded mitochondrial bifunctional enzyme with methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activities. A homodimer unique in the absolute requirement for magnesium and inorganic phosphate to allow binding of NAD.	0.76	0.70
Wwox	WW domain-containing oxidoreductase	A member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) protein family. Disruption causes impaired steroidogenesis, additionally suggesting a metabolic function for the protein.	0.59	0.68