Table 3.

Measurement tools of bereavement

Tool	Purpose	Scale items	Content subscales	Response format	Used in the included studies
					Authors	Timing after death
Chinese variation of the Inventory of Complicated Grief	Detect complicated grief	19	No subscales Content: frequency of emotional, cognitive, and behavioural symptoms, E.g., anger over the death, avoidance of reminders of the deceased [54]	5-point Likert	Chiu et al., 2010 [50]	6–14 months Average: 8.9 months
					Chiu et al., 2011 [51]	6-14.2 months Average: 9.1 months
Chinese version of the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief	Assess reactions and levels of grief	26	3 subscales: 1) Past behaviours 2) Present feelings 3) An assortment of facts related to death	5-point Likert, True or false	Hsieh et al., 2007 [49]	1 month
		21	2 subscales: 1) Past behaviours 2) Present feelings	5-point Likert	Shen et al., 2018 [53]	3 days and 1 month
Prolonged Grief-13	Diagnose prolonged grief	Not applicable	No subscales The criteria include: 1) Experience of yearning 2) At least five of nine symptoms of functional impairment are caused by the death: E.g., feeling emotionally numb, stunned, that life is meaningless 3) Symptoms present more than at least six months after the death	Not applicable	Tsai et al., 2016 [52]	6, 13, 18, and 24 months
Chinese Perinatal Grief Scale	Assess grief during bereavement	33	3 subscales: 1) Active grief 2) Difficulty coping 3) Despair	5-point Likert	Liu and Lai, 2006 [48]	Approximately 2 months