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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 11.
Published in final edited form as: Res Aging. 2020 Mar 1;42(5-6):150–162. doi: 10.1177/0164027520907332

Table 1.

Percentage of Unpartnered Adults Aged 60 and Older Who Are in the Bottom Third of Income and Wealth Distributions by Living Arrangements and Country. a

Income
Wealth
Country Living With Others Living Alone Country Living With Others Living Alone
Hungary 88.2 30.1 Switzerland 64 30.9
Poland 75.5 23.3 Hungary 56.9 30.1
Estonia 88.2 37.3 Slovenia 48.1 25.1
Spain 69.7 19.4 United States 63.8 40.8
Czech Republic 90 45.4 Greece 55.3 33.7
Luxembourg 77.4 34.3 France 65.2 43.8
Portugal 64.9 23.4 Belgium 52.4 34.7
Austria 82.6 41.4 Germany 63 45.6
Slovenia 75.9 36.1 Portugal 49.8 37.4
Italy 67.7 35.7 Czech Republic 50.1 41.4
France 78.2 46.7 Spain 60.3 51.8
Greece 67 35.8 Netherlands 54.2 46.6
Belgium 75.4 45.3 Austria 57.6 50.5
Croatia 63.7 34.5 Sweden 45.3 39.1
United States 75.7 46.5 Luxembourg 48.9 43.6
Germany 75.4 47.5 Poland 56 50.9
Netherlands 74.5 48.1 Italy 46.1 41.7
Switzerland 65.1 44.5 Croatia 45.9 47.9
Denmark 66.3 56.3 Estonia 48.1 50.6
Sweden 60.5 54.8 Denmark 48.9 53.6

Source. Data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2011–2015), Health and Retirement Study (2014), and authors’ calculations.

a

Countries are sorted by the percentage–point difference in the share of older adults living with others and living alone who are in the bottom third of income and wealth distributions.