Table 1.
Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in First Grade, by Skin Color and Gender
| Skin Color | Gender: Boys | Gender: Girls | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||
| “White” (n=240) | “Dark” (n=367) | “Black” (n=77) | All (n=331) | White (n=105) | Dark (n=182) | Black (n=44) | All (n=353) | White (n=135) | Dark (n=185) | Black (n=33) | |
| ANXIETY | |||||||||||
| T-score, Teacher (M; SD) | 46.95 (10.09) | 47.00 (10.56) | 46.17 (9.73) | 47.56 (10.87) | 48.23 (11.54) | 47.65 (10.83 | 45.60 (9.24) | 46.26 (9.70) | 45.96 (8.73) | 46.36 (10.26) | 46.93 (10.46) |
| % at-risk | 9.17 | 10.71 | 10.65 | 8.90 | 13.05 | 11.65 | 7.27 | 11.51 | 6.15 | 9.78 | 15.15 |
| χ2 value | 0.75 | 2.47 | 5.04 | ||||||||
| T-score, Mother (M; SD) | 55.95 (10.40) | 56.81 (7.23) | 57.21 (7.65) | 56.89 (8.00) | 56.15 (9.83) | 57.21 (7.65) | 57.29 (7.77) | 56.42 (7.00) | 55.79 (6.62) | 56.41 (6.74) | 59.00 (9.40) |
| % at-risk | 33.75 | 36.10 | 42.21 | 33.97 | 39.71 | 36.92 | 39.09 | 38.10 | 29.11 | 35.30 | 46.36 |
| χ2 value | 2.74 | 0.29 | 6.15* | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| DEPRESSION | |||||||||||
| T-score, Teacher (M; SD) | 47.15 (7.62) | 46.58 (9.27) | 47.74 (10.79) | 47.53 (10.29) | 47.98 (9.83) | 47.35 (10.48) | 47.18 (10.63) | 46.34 (8.75) | 46.51 (9.57) | 45.82 (7.26) | 48.49 (11.13) |
| % at-risk | 4.71 | 5.40 | 9.87 | 5.07 | 6.67 | 5.99 | 6.59 | 6.28 | 3.19 | 4.81 | 14.24 |
| χ2 value | 7.38* | .25 | 8.80* | ||||||||
| T-score, Mother (M; SD) | 48.77 (8.89) | 49.25 (8.03) | 49.96 (12.03) | 49.12 (9.81) | 48.24 (9.37) | 49.63 (9.14) | 49.14 (12.96) | 49.14 (7.57) | 49.19 (7.80) | 48.87 (6.54) | 51.07 (10.80) |
| % at-risk | 12.25 | 10.35 | 14.16 | 11.10 | 11.71 | 11.92 | 11.59 | 11.81 | 12.67 | 8.81 | 17.58 |
| χ2 value | 0.38 | 0.31 | 1.54 | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| HYPERACTIVITY | |||||||||||
| T-score, Teacher (M; SD) | 48.07 (9.73) | 47.47 (10.69) | 51.23 (11.49) | 49.86 (11.05) | 49.39 (11.01) | 49.75 (10.87) | 51.44 (12.04) | 46.45 (10.34) | 47.04 (9.94) | 45.22 (10.53) | 50.97 (10.81) |
| % at-risk | 12.46 | 9.59 | 20.26 | 7.51 | 17.24 | 15.16 | 19.32 | 16.37 | 8.74 | 4.11 | 21.52 |
| χ2 value | 7.35* | 1.37 | 13.30** | ||||||||
| T-score, Mother (M; SD) | 48.56 (8.51) | 49.25 (8.30) | 52.54 (8.59) | 50.09 (8.60) | 49.00 (9.03) | 50.38 (8.38) | 51.47 (8.54) | 48.72 (8.48) | 48.23 (8.78) | 48.14 (8.23) | 53.96 (8.67) |
| % at-risk | 10.46 | 10.54 | 19.87 | 8.95 | 14.10 | 14.07 | 16.14 | 14.35 | 7.63 | 7.08 | 24.85 |
| χ2 value | 5.1 | 0.08 | 14.65** | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| AGGRESSION | |||||||||||
| T-score, Teacher (M; SD) | 47.15 (8.54) | 46.66 (7.85) | 49.94 (11.29) | 48.35 (8.59) | 48.04 (8.57) | 47.98 (8.09) | 50.60 (10.42) | 46.12 (8.55) | 46.46 (8.48) | 45.35 (7.45) | 49.07 (12.40) |
| % at-risk | 7.46 | 6.29 | 17.40 | 5.01 | 10.95 | 9.95 | 16.14 | 11.09 | 4.74 | 2.70 | 19.09 |
| χ2 value | 4.27 | 0.37 | 15.85*** | ||||||||
| T-score, Teacher (M; SD) | 45.04 (7.45) | 45.26 (7.84) | 48.44 (10.55) | 46.14 (7.60) | 45.72 (7.14) | 45.90 (7.22) | 48.16 (9.74) | 44.98 (8.55) | 44.52 (7.67) | 44.63 (8.38) | 48.80 (11.68) |
| % at-risk | 3.46 | 3.57 | 14.68 | 5.30 | 2.86 | 3.19 | 11.82 | 4.23 | 3.93 | 3.95 | 18.48 |
| χ2 value | 21.89*** | 3.62 | 12.88** | ||||||||
Note.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.