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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 11.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2019 Aug 17;238:112467. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112467

Table 3.

Regression Model Assessing the Association between Skin Color and Internalizing Behaviors among Girls

Anxiety Depression
b SE Beta b SE Beta
Teacher-Rated Internalizing Behaviors
MA children (ref.: DA children) 2.94 1.42 0.30 −0.10 0.97 −0.01
Kindergarten (ref.: pre-kindergarten) 0.93 1.24 0.10 0.87 0.88 0.12
Family income-to-needs ratio 0.33 0.74 0.03 −0.15 0.53 −0.02
Skin color (ref.: honorary white)
 Moderately dark −0.38 0.74 −0.08 −0.13 0.46 −0.04
 Collective black 0.88 1.33 0.18 0.47 0.76 0.13
Teacher-rated behavior problems at baseline 0.23 0.12 0.22 0.37 0.10 0.43**
Moderately dark skin color × behavior problems at baseline 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.04
Collective black skin color × behavior problems at baseline 0.02 0.14 0.02 0.09 0.10 0.10
Mother-Rated Internalizing Behaviors
MA children (ref.: DA children) −0.11 1.21 −0.01 0.50 1.11 0.06
Kindergarten (ref.: pre-kindergarten) −1.18 0.97 −0.11 1.08 0.97 0.13
Family income-to-needs ratio −0.94 0.74 −0.07 −0.67 0.61 −0.06
Skin color (ref.: honorary white)
 Moderately dark −0.14 0.57 −0.03 −0.59 0.52 −0.14
 Collective black 0.78 0.98 0.15 0.61 0.85 0.15
Mother-rated behavior problems at baseline 0.54 0.07 0.58*** 0.35 0.07 0.47***
Moderately dark skin color × behavior problems at baseline −0.02 0.05 −0.02 −0.04 0.04 −0.05
Collective black × behavior problems at baseline −0.04 0.08 −0.05 −0.06 0.07 −0.08

Note.

*

p < .05

**

p < .01

***

p < .001.