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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 11.
Published in final edited form as: Artif Intell Med. 2023 Feb 28;139:102523. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102523

Table 3. Closest phenotypes to the node Seizure (HP:0001250) in the embedding space using the Cosine Similarity System, as shown in black, versus the Euclidean Distance System, as shown in blue.

While the two systems share most phenotypes, there are minor differences in phenotypes’ ranks.

Cosine Rank Euclidian Rank HPO Closest Phenotypes Cosine. Cosine Similarity Euclidian Distance Euclidian Rank Cosine Rank HPO Closest Phenotypes Euclidian. Cosine Similarity Euclidian Distance
1 1 HP:0012638 Abnormal nervous system physiology 0.781 3.089 1 1 HP:0012638 Abnormal nervous system physiology 0.781 3.089
2 32 HP:0000707 Abnormality of the nervous system 0.705 4.078 2 5 HP:0020219 Motor seizure 0.644 3.297
3 3 HP:0011446 Abnormality of higher mental function 0.694 3.530 3 3 HP:0011446 Abnormality of higher mental function 0.694 3.530
4 5 HP:0002493 Upper motor neuron dysfunction 0.648 3.629 4 7 HP:0011442 Abnormal central motor function 0.614 3.603
5 2 HP:0020219 Motor seizure 0.644 3.297 5 4 HP:0002493 Upper motor neuron dysfunction 0.648 3.629
6 59 HP:0100022 Abnormality of movement 0.625 4.131 6 15 HP:0020221 Clonic seizure 0.509 3.695
7 4 HP:0011442 Abnormal central motor function 0.614 3.603 7 20 HP:0032855 Photosensitive myoclonic-tonic-clonic seizure 0.495 3.725
8 12 HP:0002527 Falls 0.583 3.906 8 14 HP:0004372 Reduced consciousness/confusion 0.521 3.783