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Calculation of expansion factor. (A) Quantification of annulus diameters using various imaging modalities. The annulus was detected with SEPT4 antibody for SIM and ExM (n = 32–40 for SIM and U-ExM, n = 8 for TEM, n = 10 for SEM). The fold expansion was calculated by dividing the average annulus diameter value of U-ExM (2063 nm) by that of SIM, SEM, and TEM (561 nm). (B) Axoneme diameters were determined based on TEM of WT testes (n = 12). The axoneme width is used in Fig. 7, A and C.
