Table 2a.

Depiction of how proposed framework address contracting problems.

	Key Contracting Dimensions	Approaches to solution
		Transaction cost economics (largely dyadic)	Relational Contracting (largely dyadic)	Sustainable Network Contracts Framework
1	Uncertainty
a	Internal	Screening/Monitoring	Relies on shared norms	Screening/joint action and risk/task distribution in the network
b	External	Renegotiation/Legal action	Relies on relational norms	Joint-action/appropriate stakeholder involvement/periodic review to facilitate adaptation dynamically
2	Specific investments
		Penalty/legal action	Relies on social sanctions	Applying appropriate safeguarding tools/evaluating results/periodic review/joint-action plans/rebalancing network resource deployment and order allocation
3	Relationships
a	History of relationship	Does not address	Relies on partner abilities	Provides a mechanism to leverage supplier's/distributor's accumulated/current abilities to identify sustainable network solutions
b	Future interest of a partner	Does not address	Relies on relational norms	Considering relationship 'minimum' and building flexibility, future capability, and capacity in the network to ensure productive and sustainable network relationships/solutions
4	Stakeholder interests
a	Social	Does not address	Does not address explicitly	Social stakeholders considered through network approach, addressing social constraints and goals; behaviour of actors in value chain addressed through incentives and feedback loop (training, joint-action, investments, etc.)
b	Economic	Does not address	Relies on relational norms	Economic goals considered through evaluation of capacity and capability of actors in the network (resource and capability constraints); behaviour of actors in value chain addressed through incentives and feedback loop (training, joint-action, investments, appropriate technology consideration, etc.)
c	Environmental	Does not address	Does not address explicitly	Environmental stakeholders considered through network approach, addressing environmental and goals; behaviour of actors in value chain addressed through incentives and feedback loop (training, joint-action, investments, etc.)