Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics.
| Cohort characteristics | Normal semen analysis group (n = 42) | Abnormal semen analysis group (n = 31) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 37.25 ± 7.5 | 37.64 ± 6.7 | 0.704 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.84 ± 7.1 | 26.55 ± 4.5 | 0.862 |
| Missing Data | 8 | 9 | |
| Circumcised | 32 (80%) | 21 (75%) | 0.625 |
| Missing Data | 2 | 3 | |
| Infertility group | 17 (40%) | 28 (90%) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smoker | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | 0.373 |
| Ex-smoker | 9 (24%) | 6 (27%) | |
| Never smoker | 28 (76%) | 15 (68%) | |
| Missing Data | 5 | 9 | |
| Alcohol use | |||
| None | 7 (18%) | 4 (20%) | 0.999 |
| Social | 28 (74%) | 16 (80%) | |
| Heavy | 3 (8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Missing Data | 4 | 11 | |
| Semen analysis | |||
| Semen volume (mL) | 2.84 ± 1.4 | 2.14 ± 1.1 | 0.024 |
| Semen pH | 8.17 ± 0.2 | 8.12 ± 0.2 | 0.355 |
| Sperm concentration (million/mL) | 80.66 ± 49.0 | 29.79 ± 49.0 | < 0.001 |
| % Motile sperm | 59.21 ± 11.9 | 19.35 ± 17.6 | < 0.001 |
| Total sperm count (million) | 201.44 ± 122.7 | 62.74 ± 94.8 | < 0.001 |
| Total motile sperm count (million) | 116.67 ± 69.0 | 18.25 ± 30.2 | < 0.001 |
| % Normal morphology (Kruger strict criteria) | 26.17 ± 18.4 | 2.60 ± 4.7 | < 0.001 |
| Normozoospermia (> 15 million/mL) | 42 (100%) | 11 (35%) | < 0.001 |
| Oligospermia (< 15 million/mL) | 0 (0%) | 12 (39%) | |
| Azoospermia (0 million/mL) | 0 (0%) | 8 (26%) |