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. 2024 Jan 11;14:1137. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-51505-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Correlations between IFN-γ (green) and IL-2 (orange) T-cell response with IgGs against Spike (a), IgGs against NCP (excluding the uninfected vaccinated individuals) (b), IgMs in acute patients (c), and per-centage of neutralization (d). The specific response for each cytokine is represented using the SI. Correlations were calculated using the two-tailed non-parametric Spearman test. In (a), results equal to or over 384 BAU/mL were excluded for statistical analysis (the results including the ones over > 384 BAU/ml maintained significance and moderate correlations: SR IFN-γ = 0.317; SR IL-2 = 0.429). SI: Stimulation index. BAU: Binding antibody units.