Table 3.
Microorganisms distributions for different type of abdominal surgery
| Microorganism |
Type of surgery
|
||||
|
Laparoscopic CHOL
|
Open CHOL
|
Laparoscopic COLO
|
Open COLO
|
CSEC
|
|
| Gram-positive cocci | 52.9 | 39 | 34.8 | 70.4 | 78.8 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 23.9 | 7.6 | 4.3 | 25 | 38.4 |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 9.2 | 6.2 | 2.2 | 27 | 22.6 |
| Enterococcus species | 11.1 | 18.9 | 24.5 | 9.3 | 5.6 |
| Streptococcus species | 4.8 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 5.7 |
| Other Gram-positive cocci | 3.9 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 5.4 | 6.5 |
| Gram-positive bacilli | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 2 | 2.7 |
| Gram-negative bacilli Enterobacterales | 27.5 | 44.4 | 48.7 | 18.3 | 10.6 |
| Escherichia coli | 13.2 | 21.7 | 30.4 | 6.2 | 3.5 |
| Citrobacter species | 0.5 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| Enterobacter species | 2.3 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 3.3 | 2.8 |
| Klebsiella species | 5 | 9.8 | 6.2 | 2.1 | 1.4 |
| Proteus species | 3.5 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 1.3 |
| Serratia species | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.8 |
| Other Enterobacteriaceae | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 0.4 |
| Gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli | 4.2 | 2.1 | 6 | 3.8 | 3.3 |
| Acinetobacter species | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Hemophilus species | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 2.1 | 0.9 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 1.6 |
| Pseudomonadaceae family, other | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Other Gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Anaerobes | 12 | 8.7 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 3.8 |
| Bacteroides species | 1.8 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Other anaerobes | 10.2 | 7.5 | 2 | 4.6 | 3.7 |
| Other bacteria | 1.8 | 3.5 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
| Fungi, parasites | 0.2 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Candida species | 0.2 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Other fungi or parasites | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Data obtained from the ECDC’s Annual Epidemiological Report for 2018-2020 on surgical site infections. CHOL: Cholecystectomy; COLO: Colon surgery; CSEC: Caesarean section.