Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of All 268 Subjectsa.
| variables | mean ± SD or proportion (%) |
|---|---|
| age (years old) | 54.3 ± 9.1 |
| gender (males) | 59.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 2.8 |
| males | 25.1 ± 2.7 |
| females | 23.4 ± 2.6 |
| central obesity | |
| males (waist >90 cm) | 44.9 (71/158) |
| females (waist >80 cm) | 73.6 (81/110) |
| CAD | 4.1 (11/268) |
| HTN | 15.3 (41/268) |
| DM | 5.2 (14/268) |
| dyslipidemia | 1.5 (4/268) |
| CKD | 0 (0/268) |
| smoking | 14.5 (40/268) |
| drinking | 22.4 (60/268) |
| noise exposure | 12.7 (34/268) |
| GDNF | 5.7 ± 3.3 |
| IGF-1 | 11.3 ± 7.2 |
| hearing thresholds | |
| PTA-low | 16.3 ± 8.9 |
| PTA-high | 23.4 ± 16.6 |
a
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; CAD, coronary artery disease; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; PTA-low, pure tone average of low frequencies; PTA-high, pure tone average of high frequencies.