TABLE 1.
Sample characteristics in the blood data set.
| NC (n = 121) | SCD (n = 107) | MCI (n = 41) | AD (n = 18) | Overall (n = 287) | Statistics (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (M/F) | 42/79 | 33/74 | 19/22 | 7/11 | 101/186 | 3.243 (.518) |
| Age | 69.0 ± 5.58 | 68.1 ± 7.28 | 69.8 ± 8.02 | 73.8 ± 6.81 | 69.1 ± 6.80 | 2.803 (.025) |
| Education | 12.4 ± 3.17 | 13.2 ± 3.51 | 10.9 ± 4.05 | 12.4 ± 2.66 | 12.5 ± 3.48 | 3.418 (<.01) |
| APOEε4 carriers (percentage) | 18.2% | 34.6% | 41.5% | 66.7% | 30.7% | 22.862 (<.001) |
| MMSE | 28.8 ± 1.19 | 28.6 ± 1.52 | 26.5 ± 2.63 | 15.4 ± 6.55 | 27.5 ± 3.93 | 73.054 (<.0001) |
| MoCA‐B | 25.7 ± 2.89 | 25.6 ± 2.48 | 21.6 ± 3.21 | 9.89 ± 5.94 | 24.1 ± 4.98 | 64.563 (<.0001) |
| Plasma Aβ42 (pg/mL) | 6.26 ± 1.45 | 6.14 ± 1.53 | 6.22 ± 1.52 | 5.17 ± 1.60 | 6.14 ± 1.51 | 2.111 (.078) |
| Plasma Aβ40 (pg/mL) | 104 ± 21.1 | 99.5 ± 21.6 | 108 ± 17.8 | 109 ± 26.9 | 103 ± 21.4 | 1.755 (.137) |
| Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 | 0.0624 ± 0.0167 | 0.0623 ± 0.0106 | 0.0575 ± 0.0109 | 0.0482 ± 0.0095 | 0.0607 ± 0.0139 | 5.092 (<.001) |
| Plasma NfL (pg/mL) | 16.2 ± 7.80 | 15.3 ± 6.66 | 20.0 ± 13.0 | 31.5 ± 14.0 | 17.4 ± 9.64 | 13.073 (<.0001) |
| Plasma GFAP (pg/mL) | 126 ± 56.5 | 116 ± 54.0 | 156 ± 82.3 | 303 ± 88.9 | 138 ± 76.4 | 29.455 (<.0001) |
| Plasma p‐tau181 (pg/mL) | 2.03 ± 1.07 | 2.09 ± 0.91 | 2.35 ± 1.16 | 4.67 ± 1.50 | 2.27 ± 1.23 | 21.764 (<.0001) |
Note: Continuous data are presented as the mean ± SD. Analyses of variance were utilized for continuous variables, while chi‐square tests were employed for categorical variables across NC, SCD, MCI, and AD.
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β; AD, Alzheimer's disease; APOE, apolipoprotein E; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; MoCA‐B, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic; NC, normal control; NfL, neurofilament light chain; p‐tau, phosphorylated tau; SCD, subjective cognitive decline.