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. 2023 Oct 16;13(1):69–82. doi: 10.1093/stcltm/szad069

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figure 2. — Kidney organoid differentiation of modified iPSCs. (A) Schematic representation of the differentiation protocol of iPSCs to kidney organoids. iPSCs are seeded on day 0 (d0), harvested on day 7 (d7) and cultured as cell clumps on top of a filter till day 7 + 20 (d7 + 20). The change of added growth factors to the culture medium is indicated in the timeline. (B) PCA plot of bulk RNA sequencing data of control and B2M^–/– clones at 3 timepoints: undifferentiated iPSCs (day 0), intermediate mesoderm cells (day 7), and kidney organoids at the end of differentiation (day 7 + 20). Detailed analysis is displayed in Supplementary Fig. S3. (C) Representative fluorescent images of whole organoids with at the top a quarter of the organoid and below a higher magnification within the organoid. Specific units of the nephron were detected by NPHS1 (glomerulus), LTL (proximal tubule), and ECAD (distal tubule). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst.