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. 2024 Jan 12;22:32. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01451-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Exosomes derived from different types of stem cells can play an important role in reducing photoaging by entering the target cells and transferring their contents. UV radiation induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to DNA damage, activation of inflammatory pathway, production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and degradation of collagen fibers. Skin photoaging is characterized by structural change, appearance of wrinkles and pigmentation (Reviewed in [7]). Exosomes derived from stem cells can be served as novel treatment option for skin repair and regeneration. Administering exosomes in the form of lyophilized injection may be one of the effective approaches to repair photo-damaged skin