Table 4.
Major diagnostic interviews, self‐report questionnaires, and projective techniques available for borderline personality disorder (BPD)
| Tool | Scope | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5 Personality Disorders (SCID‐5‐PD) 65 | BPD diagnosis according to DSM‐5 | Semi‐structured interview including an optional screening questionnaire (SCID‐5‐SPQ); assessment of all personality disorders along DSM‐5 criteria |
| Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM‐5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID‐5‐AMPD) 66 | BPD diagnosis according to DSM‐5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) |
Semi‐structured interview consisting of three modules: Module I: Dimensional assessment of the four domains of functioning (identity, self‐direction, empathy and intimacy) Module II: Dimensional assessment of the five pathological personality trait domains (negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism) Module III: Assessment of each of the six specific personality disorders of DSM‐5 AMPD |
| Diagnostic Interview for Personality Disorders (DIPD‐IV), BPD module 67 | BPD diagnosis according to DSM‐IV | Diagnostic interview for DSM‐IV personality disorders |
| Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN‐BPD) 68 | BPD symptom change | Clinician‐administered scale for assessment of change in DSM‐IV borderline psychopathology |
| Structured Interview of Personality Organization – Revised (STIPO‐R) 69 | Personality organization | Semi‐structured clinical interview assessing personality organization in five domains (identity, object relations, defenses, aggression, moral values) |
| Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI) 70 | BPD diagnosis, screening and personality functioning | Self‐report tool assessing BPD symptoms and diagnosis, and borderline personality organization according to Kernberg |
| Borderline Symptom List (BSL) 71 | Borderline‐typical symptomatology based on DSM‐IV‐TR criteria | Self‐report tool assessing subjective impairments of BPD patients along the subscales of self‐perception, affect regulation, self‐destruction, dysphoria, loneliness, intrusions and hostility |
| Level of Personality Functioning Scale Self‐Report (LPFS‐SR) 72 | Personality functioning | Self‐report tool assessing impairment in personality functioning according to the DSM‐5 AMPD |
| McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI‐PD) 73 | Screening measure for BPD along the DSM‐IV criteria | Self‐report true/false screening questionnaire, including one item for each DSM‐IV BPD criterion, with the exception of two items for paranoia/dissociation |
| Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) 74 | BPD features | Self‐report inventory of adult personality, including clinical scales assessing borderline features (affective instability, identity problems, negative relationships, self‐harm) |
| Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire‐4 (PDQ‐4) 75 | Screening tool for DSM‐IV personality disorders | Self‐report tool with true/false questions intended to provide an indication of key features of each personality disorder, followed up with additional questions |
| Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN‐BPD) – Self‐Report 76 | BPD symptom change | Self‐report scale for the assessment of change in DSM‐IV borderline psychopathology |
| Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology – Basic Questionnaire (DAPP‐BQ) 77 | Personality pathology | Self‐report measure of personality pathology, based on a dimensional model; subscales include affective lability, identity problems and self‐harm |
| Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5) 78 | Maladaptive personality traits | Self‐report measure of five broad domains of maladaptive personality variation: negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism |
| Rorschach/Holtzman Inkblot Technique 79 , 80 | Personality functioning (e.g., primary process thinking, defense mechanisms, object relations) | Projective techniques based on 10 (Rorschach) or 45 (Holtzman) unstructured cards. Subjects are asked: “What might this be?” |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 81 | Personality functioning (e.g., primary process thinking, defense mechanisms, object relations, affect regulation) | Projective technique based on 20‐30 cards with a specific thematic valence. Subjects are asked to make up as dramatic a story as possible for each card. |