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. 2023 Nov 27;12(4):972–982. doi: 10.1556/2006.2023.00066

Table 3.

Characteristics of gambling-associated marketing across individual broadcasts

Broadcast
Fulham vs Liverpool Tottenham vs Leicester City Crystal Palace vs Leeds United Arsenal vs Nottingham Forest Wolverhampton Wanderers vs Brighton Everton vs Southampton Brentford vs Bournemouth West Ham vs Chelsea Manchester City vs Aston Villa Newcastle vs Manchester United
Gambling reference characteristic
Total shots of visible marketing 274 182 275 56 247 308 271 542 23 161
Total number of individual logos 1,547 1,265 1,651 219 2,161 2,017 2,139 3,522 268 874
Average number of individual logos per broadcast minute 16 13 17 2 23 21 23 37 3 9
Most frequent location (%) Pitch-side hoardings (57.3) Pitch-side hoardings (100) Pitch-side hoardings (68) Pitch-side hoardings (98.2) Pitch-side hoardings (57.5) Stadium structure (42.5) Pitch-side hoardings (58.7) Stadium structure (39.1) Pitch-side hoardings (95.7) Pitch-side hoardings (41.6)
Most frequent format (%) Dynamic pitch-side full (53.3) Dynamic pitch-side full (100) Dynamic pitch-side full (56.4) Dynamic pitch-side full (78.6) Dynamic pitch-side full (57.5) Static or fixed (45.8) Dynamic pitch-side full (57.5) Static or fixed (39.1) Dynamic pitch-side full (100) Dynamic pitch-side full (39.1)
Most popular brand (%) W88 (64.6) FUN88 (61.5) SBOTOP (32.4) Sportsbetio (100) 12BET (36.8) Stake (85.4) Hollywood bets (35.8) Betway (100) LeoVegas (60.9) FUN88 (97.5)
Harm-reduction or age restriction message (%) 8 0 6.2 0 11.7 0 12.5 0 0 0