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. 2024 Jan 2;18(1):e0011874. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011874

Fig 13. Changes of PAR2, TJs proteins, intestinal inflammatory cytokines and permeability in T. spiralis-infected mouse intestine.

Fig 13

A: Western blot analysis of AZ3451 inhibiting PAR2 expression. PAR2 expression in intestinal mucosa of the AZ3451 and AZ3451+PD98059 groups was obviously decreased. B: qPCR analysis of AZ3451 and PD98059 increasing mRNA expression of TJs proteins. C: Western blot analysis of AZ3451 and PD98059 increasing expression of TJs proteins. AZ3451 and PD98059 increased the expression of TJs proteins in infected murine intestine. The expression levels of PAR2, ZO-1, E-cad, occludin and claudin-1 relative to β-actin were analyzed by gray-level analysis. D: AZ3451 and PD98059 alleviated intestinal inflammation caused by T. spiralis infection. Two inhibitors inhibited transcription of gut pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and up-regulated transcription of gut anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in infected mice. GAPDH was used as an internal reference to analyze the transcription level of cytokines. E: Standard curves of 0–100 ng/ml 4 kDa FITC-dextran. F: AZ3451 and PD98059 abrogated intestinal permeability increase caused by T. spiralis infection, as demonstrated by intestinal FD-4 flux evidently reduced. Data of each test are repeated in triplicate. *P < 0.05 compared to the saline group. #P < 0.05 relative to the AZ3451+PD98059 group.