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. 2024 Jan 12;7:87. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-05705-1

Fig. 1. Mapping protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of coronary artery disease (CAD)-risk genes in human vascular cells.

Fig. 1

a Overview of the 3-stage study workflow consisting of: (1) selection of index genes in CAD-risk loci pooled from genome-wide association studies (GWAS); (2) mapping PPIs of the corresponding index proteins using immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-MS); and (3) analysis of the resulting PPI networks to uncover CAD-relevant biology. b Details on the selected index genes, which include ten genes from non-lipid, single-gene loci (all expressed in vascular cells except KCNK5), 1 gene with a confirmed causal functional role in CAD (ADAMTS7), 1 gene nominated by exome chip data (ARHGEF26), and 1 gene identified as a distal regulatory target of the PHACTR1 locus (EDN1). Artery image by courtesy of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., copyright 2007; used with permission.