(A) Binding of yeasts to plastic, BSA, or gelatin quantified by light microscopy (see Materials and Methods). The bars represent the means (n = 4) ± standard deviations from a typical experiment. (B) Quantification of yeasts bound to plastic, BSA, or gelatin by the XTT tetrazolium salt procedure. XTT formazan was measured after 3.5 h of incubation, and the bars represent the means ± standard deviations (n = 21).