Table 1.

Metabolic responses, skeletal muscle oxygenation and cycling economy during the steady state preload cycling protocol (10-min at 50 PPO, 10-min at 60% PPO and 5-min at 70% PPO)

	50% PPO		60% PPO		70% PPO
	Placebo	Polyphenol Blend	Placebo	Polyphenol Blend	Placebo	Polyphenol Blend
$\dot{\text{V}}$O2 (L min−1)	2.79 ± 0.35	2.80 ± 0.47	3.27 ± 0.43	3.31 ± 0.56	3.72 ± 0.49	3.73 ± 0.66
$\dot{\text{V}}$CO2 (L min−1)	2.59 ± 0.32	2.59 ± 0.47	3.11 ± 0.40	3.13 ± 0.53	3.76 ± 0.47	3.73 ± 0.70
Heart rate (bpm)	136 ± 11	135 ± 10	152 ± 12	154 ± 12	167 ± 12	167 ± 13
RER	0.93 ± 0.02	0.92 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.02	0.94 ± 0.02	1.01 ± 0.03	0.99 ± 0.02*
$\dot{\text{V}}$E (L. min−1)	72.49 ± 7.81	70.60 ± 9.64	91.11 ± 12.26	92.31 ± 12.10	120.30 ± 14.51	116.93 ± 18.27
BF (min)	29.50 ± 6.12	28.95 ± 5.38	33.99 ± 6.91	35.54 ± 5.96	43.02 ± 8.36	41.82 ± 7.35
VT (L)	2.53 ± 0.43	2.52 ± 0.52	2.75 ± 0.45	2.65 ± 0.47	2.86 ± 0.49	2.85 ± 0.52
SmO2 (%)	30.22 ± 5.28	31.07 ± 10.47	21.91 ± 5.66	21.87 ± 11.28	17.07 ± 5.52	17.46 ± 11.42
RPE	12 ± 1	12 ± 1	15 ± 1	15 ± 2	18 ± 1	18 ± 1
Cycling Economy (W.L min−1)	68.07 ± 5.63	69.91 ± 10.12	69.84 ± 5.65	66.93 ± 4.98	71.14 ± 4.55	70.84 ± 4.75

Data reported as mean ± SD from 9 subjects. PPO Peak power output, V_T Tidal volume, $\dot{\text{V}}$E ventilation, BF breathing frequency, RER respiratory exchange ratio, RPE rating of perceived exertion. * p < 0.05