Fig. 5.

Voluntary RW exercise restored synaptic LTP of hippocampus in TBI mice. After treatment with a high-frequency, tetanic stimulation train (100 Hz, 1 s), a robust fEPSP slope was induced in mice both from Sham and TBI groups. Effect of exercise pre-training 24 h (a–b) or 21 days (c–d) after operation on LTP changes of mice. e–f Effect of post-injury exercise intervention 21 days after operation on LTP changes of mice. g–h Effect of pre-training combined with TBI post-injury exercise training 21 days after operation on LTP changes of mice. Data are expressed as Mean ± SD (n = 5). Two-way (RM) ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was employed for analysis of the LTP of each group