Table 2.
Demographics of the study population (N = 304)
| Variable | n (%) or mean ± standard deviation | p-valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 304) | Provided answers to the qualitative question (N = 104) | Did not provide answers to the qualitative question (N = 200) | ||
| Age: | 0.993 | |||
| < 60 years old | 61 (20.1%) | 21 (20.2%) | 40 (20.0%) | |
| 60–69 years old | 113 (37.2%) | 39 (37.5%) | 74 (37.0%) | |
| ≥ 70 years old | 130 (42.8%) | 44 (42.3%) | 86 (43.0%) | |
| Gender: | 0.939 | |||
| Male | 45 (14.8%) | 16 (15.4%) | 29 (14.5%) | |
| Female | 257 (84.5%) | 87 (83.7%) | 170 (85.0%) | |
| Other or prefer not to say | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Race/ethnicity: | 0.907 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 251 (82.6%) | 85 (81.7%) | 166 (83.0%) | |
| Other race/ethnicity or prefer not to say | 53 (17.4%) | 19 (18.3%) | 34 (17.0%) | |
| Educational attainment: | 0.063 | |||
| Did not graduate from college or prefer not to say | 57 (18.8%) | 13 (12.5%) | 44 (22.0%) | |
| Graduated from college | 247 (81.2%) | 91 (87.5%) | 156 (78.0%) | |
| Marital status: | 0.640 | |||
| Not married, not in a domestic partnership, or not in a long-term relationship | 121 (39.8%) | 38 (36.5%) | 83 (41.5%) | |
| Married, domestic partnership, long-term relationship | 173 (56.9%) | 62 (59.6%) | 111 (55.5%) | |
| Prefer not to say | 10 (3.3%) | 4 (3.8%) | 6 (3.0%) | |
| Total annual household income: | 0.831 | |||
| ≤ $50,000 | 41 (13.5%) | 13 (12.5%) | 28 (14.0%) | |
| $50,001–$100,000 | 37 (12.2%) | 15 (14.4%) | 22 (11.0%) | |
| > $100,000 | 134 (44.1%) | 46 (44.2%) | 88 (44.0%) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 92 (30.3%) | 30 (28.8%) | 62 (31.0%) | |
| Employment status: | 0.890 | |||
| Unemployed, homemaker, retired, unable to work or on disability, on leave of absence from work | 183 (60.2%) | 64 (61.5%) | 119 (59.5%) | |
| Employed or student | 93 (30.6%) | 30 (28.8%) | 63 (31.5%) | |
| Other or prefer not to say | 28 (9.2%) | 10 (9.6%) | 18 (9.0%) | |
| Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 a | 23.2 ± 4.3 | 23.3 ± 4.5 | 23.1 ± 4.2 | 0.743 |
| Smoking status: | 0.727 | |||
| Never smoker | 208 (68.4%) | 73 (70.2%) | 135 (67.5%) | |
| Current or past smoker | 96 (31.6%) | 31 (29.8%) | 65 (32.5%) | |
| Frequency of alcohol use: | 0.933 | |||
| Never | 78 (25.7%) | 28 (26.9%) | 50 (25.0%) | |
| A few times per month or less | 142 (46.7%) | 48 (46.2%) | 94 (47.0%) | |
| 2 or more times a week | 84 (27.6%) | 28 (26.9%) | 56 (28.0%) | |
| Comorbidities: | 0.346 | |||
| Celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, eating disorder, or long-term rest | 22 (7.2%) | 6 (5.8%) | 16 (8.0%) | |
| None of the above | 275 (90.5%) | 94 (90.4%) | 181 (90.5%) | |
| Missing data | 7 (2.3%) | 4 (3.8%) | 3 (1.5%) | |
| Long-term steroids use for at least 3 months: | 0.153 | |||
| Yes | 51 (16.8%) | 21 (20.2%) | 30 (15.0%) | |
| No | 239 (78.6%) | 81 (77.9%) | 158 (79.0%) | |
| Not sure | 14 (4.6%) | 2 (1.9%) | 12 (6.0%) | |
aData missing from 8 patients (2 from those who provided answers, 6 from those who did not)
bTwo-sample t-test, Chi-squared test, or Fisher’s exact test