Figure 3.

The phylogenetic relationship, synteny, and population size of sika deer

A. The phylogenetic relationship of sika deer and other 13 mammals. The divergence time is shown in the phylogenetic tree. The red nodes indicate that the support values of the branches are 100. The results of gene families are shown in the bar charts on the right side of the phylogenetic tree. B. Synteny analysis of sika deer, red deer, and cattle. Purple, green, and orange boxes represent the chromosomes of cattle, sika deer, and red deer, respectively. Different synteny blocks between one species and another are linked by lines of different colors. C. The effective population size of sika deer, cattle, and reindeer. “g” represents the generation length, and “μ” represents the mutation rate per generation. MYA, million years ago; LGM, Last Glacial Maximum; MIS4, Marine Isotope Stage 4; PG, Penultimate Glaciation; QM, Qingzang Movement.