Table 1.
Selected demographic characteristics, indicators of housing insecurity, functional limitations, and COVID-19 symptoms by illness status among US adults with a history of COVID-19, September 2022–April 2023.
| Characteristic | Long COVID | No Long COVID | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted n | 56,353 | 150,616 | 206,969 |
| Weighted n | 27,824,777 | 68,720,876 | 96,545,653 |
| Age | 45.7 (15.4) | 46.2 (16.3) | 46.0 (16.1) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White non-Hispanic | 42,499 (63.7%) | 118,024 (66.5%) | 160,523 (65.7%) |
| White Hispanic | 4,699 (15.8%) | 10,021 (13.1%) | 14,720 (13.9%) |
| Black | 3,727 (9.2%) | 8,412 (8.8%) | 12,139 (8.9%) |
| Asian | 1,673 (3.8%) | 7,340 (5.9%) | 9,013 (5.3%) |
| Other |
3,755 (7.5%) |
6,819 (5.6%) |
10,574 (6.2%) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 17,496 (36.2%) | 68,475 (50.2%) | 85,971 (46.2%) |
| Female | 37,452 (60.8%) | 79,782 (48.4%) | 117,234 (52.0%) |
| Transgender | 382 (1.2%) | 497 (0.5%) | 879 (0.7%) |
| None of the above |
770 (1.9%) |
1,150 (0.9%) |
1,920 (1.2%) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 1,130 (6.6%) | 1,802 (4.6%) | 2,932 (5.2%) |
| High school graduate | 6,705 (28.0%) | 13,701 (25.7%) | 20,406 (26.3%) |
| Some college or associates | 21,497 (35.7%) | 40,708 (28.6%) | 62,205 (30.6%) |
| Bachelor's degree | 15,199 (17.4%) | 48,704 (22.3%) | 63,903 (20.9%) |
| Graduate degree |
11,822 (12.2%) |
45,701 (18.9%) |
57,523 (17.0%) |
| Income (2021) | |||
| Less than $25,000 | 6,453 (14.3%) | 8,614 (8.5%) | 15,067 (10.2%) |
| $25,000 - $34,999 | 5,269 (12.1%) | 8,794 (8.5%) | 14,063 (9.5%) |
| $35,000 - $49,999 | 6,565 (13.4%) | 12,553 (11.0%) | 19,118 (11.7%) |
| $50,000 - $74,999 | 9,902 (18.4%) | 22,153 (16.8%) | 32,055 (17.2%) |
| $75,000 - $99,999 | 7,924 (13.5%) | 21,075 (14.3%) | 28,999 (14.1%) |
| $100,000 - $149,999 | 9,551 (15.4%) | 30,471 (18.4%) | 40,022 (17.5%) |
| $150,000 and above |
8,927 (13.0%) |
41,993 (22.6%) |
50,920 (19.8%) |
| Marital Status | |||
| Married | 30,864 (54.8%) | 95,387 (61.3%) | 126,251 (59.4%) |
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 13,331 (19.2%) | 25,282 (14.1%) | 38,613 (15.6%) |
| Never Married |
12,001 (26.0%) |
29,613 (24.6%) |
41,614 (25.0%) |
| Housing Tenure | |||
| Owned with Mortgage/Loan | 27,885 (46.8%) | 79,430 (49.6%) | 107,315 (48.8%) |
| Owned, No Mortgage | 11,499 (19.5%) | 35,965 (22.6%) | 47,464 (21.7%) |
| Rented | 16,077 (32.0%) | 33,715 (26.6%) | 49,792 (28.1%) |
| Occupied Without Rent Payments |
892 (1.7%) |
1,506 (1.2%) |
2,398 (1.4%) |
| Difficulty Making Living Expenses | |||
| Not at all difficult | 14,664 (19.9%) | 69,795 (36.5%) | 84,459 (31.7%) |
| A little difficult | 17,292 (29.9%) | 42,935 (30.6%) | 60,227 (30.4%) |
| Somewhat difficult | 13,177 (26.1%) | 24,224 (19.9%) | 37,401 (21.7%) |
| Very difficult |
11,220 (24.2%) |
13,662 (13.0%) |
24,882 (16.2%) |
| Current on Rent/Mortgage Payments | |||
| Current | 40,103 (88.7%) | 108,427 (93.7%) | 148,530 (92.2%) |
| Not current |
3,859 (11.3%) |
4,718 (6.3%) |
8,577 (7.8%) |
| Months Behind on Rent/Mortgage Payments | |||
| Current | 40,103 (88.7%) | 108,427 (93.7%) | 148,530 (92.2%) |
| 0-1 | 1,841 (5.2%) | 2,498 (3.0%) | 4,339 (3.7%) |
| 2-3 | 1,210 (3.7%) | 1,225 (1.7%) | 2,435 (2.3%) |
| 4+ | 716 (2.0%) | 729 (1.0%) | 1,445 (1.3%) |
| No response |
92 (0.3%) |
266 (0.5%) |
358 (0.4%) |
| Eviction/Foreclosure in Next 2 Months | |||
| Very likely | 426 (1.4%) | 363 (0.5%) | 789 (0.8%) |
| Somewhat likely | 956 (2.8%) | 841 (1.2%) | 1,797 (1.7%) |
| Not very likely | 1,377 (3.9%) | 1,519 (2.2%) | 2,896 (2.7%) |
| Not likely at all | 1,100 (3.1%) | 1,995 (2.4%) | 3,095 (2.6%) |
| Current on rent/mortgage |
40,103 (88.7%) |
108,427 (93.7%) |
148,530 (92.2%) |
| Housing Insecurity | |||
| No | 42,867 (70.9%) | 133,147 (83.5%) | 176,014 (79.8%) |
| Yes |
13,343 (29.1%) |
17,210 (16.5%) |
30,553 (20.2%) |
| Difficulty seeing | |||
| No difficulty | 30,379 (52.6%) | 107,727 (69.7%) | 138,106 (64.8%) |
| Moderate difficulty | 22,742 (41.0%) | 39,069 (27.1%) | 61,811 (31.1%) |
| Severe difficulty | 3,157 (6.2%) | 3,618 (3.0%) | 6,775 (3.9%) |
| Did not report |
75 (0.2%) |
202 (0.2%) |
277 (0.2%) |
| Difficulty hearing | |||
| No difficulty | 42,156 (75.5%) | 124,202 (83.2%) | 166,358 (80.9%) |
| Moderate difficulty | 11,893 (20.1%) | 22,890 (14.2%) | 34,783 (15.9%) |
| Severe difficulty | 2,091 (4.0%) | 3,059 (2.3%) | 5,150 (2.8%) |
| Did not report |
213 (0.4%) |
465 (0.4%) |
678 (0.4%) |
| Difficulty cognitive | |||
| No difficulty | 19,552 (34.1%) | 95,451 (61.4%) | 115,003 (53.6%) |
| Moderate difficulty | 29,248 (51.1%) | 48,971 (33.3%) | 78,219 (38.4%) |
| Severe difficulty | 7,447 (14.5%) | 5,913 (5.1%) | 13,360 (7.8%) |
| Did not report |
106 (0.2%) |
281 (0.2%) |
387 (0.2%) |
| Difficulty with mobility | |||
| No difficulty | 36,519 (63.8%) | 125,226 (81.5%) | 161,745 (76.4%) |
| Moderate difficulty | 15,288 (27.3%) | 20,993 (14.8%) | 36,281 (18.4%) |
| Severe difficulty | 4,454 (8.7%) | 4,139 (3.5%) | 8,593 (5.0%) |
| Did not report |
92 (0.2%) |
258 (0.2%) |
350 (0.2%) |
| Difficulty with self-care | |||
| No difficulty | 49,808 (86.2%) | 143,931 (94.2%) | 193,739 (91.9%) |
| Moderate difficulty | 5,530 (11.3%) | 5,676 (4.8%) | 11,206 (6.7%) |
| Severe difficulty | 930 (2.3%) | 737 (0.7%) | 1,667 (1.2%) |
| Did not report |
85 (0.2%) |
272 (0.2%) |
357 (0.2%) |
| Difficulty communicating | |||
| No difficulty | 50,052 (86.9%) | 143,989 (94.1%) | 194,041 (92.0%) |
| Moderate difficulty | 5,630 (11.4%) | 5,856 (5.1%) | 11,486 (6.9%) |
| Severe difficulty | 603 (1.5%) | 565 (0.7%) | 1,168 (0.9%) |
| Did not report |
68 (0.2%) |
206 (0.2%) |
274 (0.2%) |
| Current symptoms | |||
| No | 30,452 (55.7%) | 143,180 (99.2%) | 173,632 (86.2%) |
| Yes |
25,901 (44.3%) |
1,164 (0.8%) |
27,065 (13.8%) |
| Symptom impact on day-to-day activities | |||
| Not at all | 5,500 (20.2%) | 5,500 (20.2%) | |
| A little | 14,805 (55.5%) | 14,805 (55.5%) | |
| A lot | 5,588 (24.3%) | 5,588 (24.3%) | |