Table 1. Maternal and neonatal variables.

N (%).

*Mean (SD).

**Median (IQR).

IQR: interquartile range, BMI: body mass index, kg/m²: kilogram per meter squared, ANC: antenatal care, GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus, GHTN: gestational hypertension, IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction, GBS: group B Streptococcus, g: gram, NICU: neonatal intensive care unit, LOS: length of hospital stay, SD: standard deviation.

Variables	Sample group (n = 40)	Control group (n = 80)	p-value
(A) Maternal variables
Age*	29.6 (6.5)	29.2 (5.9)	0.8
Gravidity**	2 (2–4)	3 (2–4)	0.8
Parity**	1 (1–3)	1 (0–3)	0.8
Abortion**	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0.25)	0.9
BMI (kg/m2)*	28.8 (6.4)	29.1 (6.7)	0.8
Lack of ANC	12 (30%)	10 (12.5%)	0.02
Pregnancy-induced diseases
None	26 (65%)	57 (71.3%)	0.2
GDM	5 (12.5%)	14 (17.5%)
GHTN	9 (22.5%)	9 (11.3%)
Renal diseases during pregnancy	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	1
History of immune diseases during pregnancy	3 (7.5%)	3 (3.8%)	0.4
Smoking (yes)	1 (2.5%)	0 (0%)	0.3
IUGR	15 (37.5%)	5 (6.3%)	<0.001
Cesarean section	20 (50%)	37 (46.3%)	0.7
GBS	6 (15%)	15 (18.8%)	0.6
Perinatal events	4 (10%)	12 (15%)	0.6
Oligohydramnios	5 (12.5%)	0 (0%)	0.003
Umbilical cord pH*	7.2 (0.10)	7.2 (0.13)	0.8
(B) Neonatal variables
Sex (male)	29 (72.5%)	57 (71.3%)	0.9
Birth weight (g)*	2337.9 (1020.7)	2588.1 (761.6)	0.1
Gestational age (weeks)*	35.7 (4.8)	36.4 (3)	0.3
Admission to the NICU	34 (85%)	35 (43.8%)	<0.001
Need for mechanical ventilation in the NICU	15 (37.5%)	25 (31.3%)	0.5
Antibiotics taken in the NICU	22 (55%)	25 (31.3%)	0.012
Neonatal sepsis	7 (17.5%)	3 (3.8%)	0.015
Minor anomalies	7 (17.5%)	11 (13.8%)	0.6
Platelet transfusion	15 (37.5%)	1 (1.3%)	<0.001
Blood transfusion	3 (7.5%)	2 (2.5%)	0.3
LOS**	13 (3–28)	4 (2–9)	0.006
Mortality	6 (15%)	2 (2.5%)	0.016