. 2024 Jan 15;48:e5. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2024.5

TABLE 3. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for in-hospital delivery-related maternal deaths, Ecuador, 2015–2022.

Variable	Odds ratio (95% CI); P value	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI); P value
Age group (years)
10–14	0.41 (0.06 to 2.93); 0.374	0.59 (0.08 to 4.21); 0.598
15–19	0.75 (0.53 to 1.05); 0.096	1.10 (0.78 to 1.56); 0.578
20–29	Reference	Reference
30–39	1.22 (0.95 to 1.57); 0.118	0.98 (0.76 to 1.27); 0.892
40–49	1.17 (0.62 to 2.22); 0.629	0.92 (0.48 to 1.74); 0.790
50–59	NA	NA
Ethnicity
Mestizo	Reference	Reference
Indigenous	0.25 (0.08 to 0.79); 0.018^a	0.61 (0.19 to 1.93); 0.401
Afrodescendant	0.36 (0.05 to 2.58); 0.311	1.00 (0.14 to 7.22); 0.996
Montubio	1.35 (0.19 to 9.64); 0.764	1.20 (0.17 to 8.58); 0.855
White	1.09 (0.15 to 7.79); 0.929	0.91 (0.13 to 6.52); 0.928
Other	10.33 (7.93 to 13.45); ≤0.001^a	9.59 (6.98 to 13.18); ≤0.001^a
Unknown	0.33 (0.12 to 0.88); 0.027^a	0.35 (0.13 to 0.95); 0.039
Area where health center located
Urban	Reference	Reference
Rural	0.31 (0.10 to 0.96); 0.042^a	0.46 (0.15 to 1.46); 0.188
Health sector
Public	Reference	Reference
Private	3.01 (2.41 to 3.78); ≤0.001^a	1.99 (1.40 to 2.84); ≤0.001^a
Area of residence
Urban	Reference	Reference
Rural	0.45 (0.31 to 0.66); ≤0.001^a	0.88 (0.59 to 1.3); 0.522
Type of delivery
Single vaginal delivery	Reference	Reference
Multiple vaginal delivery	NA	NA
Elective C-section	1.16 (0.59 to 2.26); 0.666	1.20 (0.6 to 2.39); 0.612
Emergency C-section	11.82 (8.52 to 16.38); ≤0.001^a	7.49 (5.2 to 10.79); ≤0.001^a
Multiple delivery by C-section	NA	NA
Other delivery by C-section	5.56 (4.13 to 7.49); ≤0.001^a	3.39 (2.31 to 4.99); ≤0.001^a
Hospital stay
≤24 hours	Reference	Reference
≤48 hours	0.48 (0.37 to 0.63); ≤0.001^a	0.47 (0.35 to 0.64); ≤0.001^a
>48 hours	0.55 (0.39 to 0.77); ≤0.001^a	0.54 (0.37 to 0.8); 0.002^a
Year of discharge
2015	Reference	Reference
2016	0.33 (0.11 to 1.01); 0.051	0.32 (0.11 to 1); 0.049
2017	0.71 (0.3 to 1.66); 0.428	0.67 (0.29 to 1.56); 0.352
2018	2.17 (1.12 to 4.21); 0.021^a	1.96 (1.01 to 3.8); 0.047
2019	2.19 (1.12 to 4.29); 0.022^a	1.81 (0.92 to 3.55); 0.084
2020	8.38 (4.68 to 15.02); ≤0.001^a	5.74 (3.19 to 10.32); ≤0.001^a
2021	10.52 (5.89 to 18.78); ≤0.001^a	5.87 (3.26 to 10.56); ≤0.001^a
2022	5.23 (2.83 to 9.65); ≤0.001^a	4.08 (2.2 to 7.57); ≤0.001^a

C-section: caesarean section; CI: confidence interval; NA: not applicable.

Statistically significant.

Source: Table prepared by the author based on analyses of data sets from the Statistical Registry of Hospital Beds and Discharges of the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (known as INEC).