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. 2024 Jan 5;13(2):449–467. doi: 10.1007/s40123-023-00870-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — (A–C) Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of a 71-year-old female patient affected by type 3 macular neovascularization (T3 MNV) in the fellow eye of a unilateral T3 MNV. A Baseline OCTA B-scan (left) and en-face (right) at deep capillary plexus level. Intraretinal hyperreflective foci (HRF) show detectable flow with no exudation, representing preclinical stage of T3 MNV (nascent T3 MNV), and overlay confluent pigment epithelium detachments (DEPs) with no contact with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Yellow panel: B-scan magnification. Blue panel: en-face magnification, with a blue arrow indicating pathological vascular network. (B) 3-month follow-up OCTA B-scan (left) and en-face (right) at RPE level. HRF has grown toward RPE space and connected to DEP, developing exudative signs of overt MNV (blue arrow). (C) 6-month follow-up OCTA B-scan (left) and en-face (right) at retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) level. T3 neovascularization (blue arrow) displays evident signs of activation (intraretinal cysts)