Comparison 3. Subgroup analyses.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Subgroup analysis ‐ different antipsychotic drugs (short term)	40	2132	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.87, 1.00]
1.1 Bromperidol	8	458	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.88, 1.15]
1.2 Clopenthixol	2	92	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.52, 1.12]
1.3 Droperidol	2	85	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.73, 1.04]
1.4 Flupenthixol	1	21	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.08 [0.01, 1.32]
1.5 Fluphenazine	3	157	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.37, 1.65]
1.6 Loxapine	3	162	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.87, 1.44]
1.7 Molindone	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.13 [0.01, 2.25]
1.8 Nemonapride	1	167	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.55 [0.33, 0.93]
1.9 Perphenazine	1	39	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.7 [0.41, 1.20]
1.10 Pimozide	3	72	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.09 [0.74, 1.61]
1.11 Pipotiazine	3	134	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.39, 2.02]
1.12 Sulpiride	1	74	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.50, 1.39]
1.13 Tiopropazate	1	86	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.07 [0.73, 1.57]
1.14 Thiothixene	2	83	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.70, 1.52]
1.15 Timiperone	1	206	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.57, 1.11]
1.16 Trifluoperazine	4	124	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.68, 1.50]
1.17 Trifluperidol	1	39	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.53, 1.71]
1.18 Zuclopenthixol	2	103	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.70, 1.28]
2 Subgroup analysis ‐ different antipsychotic drugs (medium term)	1	80	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.37, 0.69]
2.1 Thiothixene	1	80	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.37, 0.69]
3 Subgroup analysis ‐ treatment‐resistant participants (short term)	40	2132	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.87, 1.00]
3.1 Trials with treatment‐resistant participants	3	130	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.46 [0.66, 3.23]
3.2 Trials without treatment‐resistant participants	37	2002	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.87, 1.00]