Table 1. Inclusion criteria.

CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging

Inclusion criteria

Hepatectomy was planned for liver tumors measuring ≤20 mm in diameter that could be confirmed on imaging

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0-1

Age at the time of consent acquisition was ≥20 years

Imaging tests such as CT and MRI showed obvious neoplastic lesions in the liver, which were difficult to identify with ultrasonography at the time of examination or after chemotherapy

The functions of major organs (bone marrow, liver, kidneys, and lungs) were maintained

Cognitive judgment was sufficient to understand the study and provide written consent for participation in this study

Anticoagulant could be withdrawn on the day of marking