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. 2024 Jan 15;9:18. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01709-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Increased DN T cells apoptosis in Ube2m KO lupus-prone mice. a Proportion of T cells in spleens was analyzed by flow cytometry. n = 4 or 5/group. b, c The percentage and number of T cells were calculated based on the data of flow cytometry. n = 4 or 5/group. *P < 0.05. d CD3⁺ T cell subsets of spleens were analyzed via flow cytometry. n = 4 or 5/group. e, f The percentage and count of T cell subsets were determined using flow cytometry data. n = 4 or 5/group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. g The early apoptosis (Annexin V⁺/7-AAD^-) of total T cells, DN T cells, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells was evaluated with flow cytometry. n = 4 or 5/group. h, i The apoptosis of total T cells and T cell subsets was quantified based on the analysis of flow cytometry. n = 4 or 5/group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. j DN T cell apoptosis (Annexin V⁺/PI^-) in spleens from pristine-induced mice was analyzed with flow cytometry. n = 4 or 5/group. k DN T cell apoptosis in spleens of pristine-induced mice was quantified based on the analysis of flow cytometry. n = 4 or 5/group. *P < 0.05. l MMP was assessed using JC-1 assay to indicate the apoptosis of DN T cells. n = 5/group. ***P < 0.001. m Cleaved-caspase 3 was detected via immunoblotting assay to indicate the apoptosis of DN T cells. n = 3/group