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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Lung Cancer. 2023 Oct 4;185:107387. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107387

Table 3.

Twelve-year all-cause mortality Cox regression models.

12-year all-cause mortality Multivariate Model Aa HR (95 %CI) P value Multivariate Model Bb HR (95 %CI) P value Multivariate Model Cc HR (95 %CI) P value Multivariate Model Dd HR (95 %CI) P value Multivariate Model Ee HR (95 %CI) P value
Sex Males vs. Females 1.72 (1.36–2.20)
 1.45 (1.13–1.86)
 1.53 (1.17–1.98)
 1.49 (1.15–1.94)
 1.47 (1.13–1.91)
<0.001 0.0035 0.0015 0.0027 0.004
Age (years) 55–59 vs. < 55 1.28 (0.87–1.88) 1.18 (0.80–1.74) 1.18 (0.80–1.73) 1.18 (0.80–1.74) 1.16 (0.79–1.72)
0.21 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.4487
60–64 vs. < 55 2.41 (1.70–3.43) 2.10 (1.47–2.99) 1.94 (1.36–2.78) 1.85 (1.29–2.66) 1.79 (1.25–2.57)
<0.001 <0.001 0.0003 0.0008 0.0015
≥65 vs. < 55 5.47 (3.95–7.58) 4.37 (3.12–6.12) 3.67 (2.60–5.18) 3.31 (2.34–4.68) 3.13 (2.21–4.44)
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
CAC score 11–100 vs. 0–10 1.47 (1.09–1.97) 1.43 (1.07–1.93) 1.41 (1.05–1.90) 1.42 (1.05–1.90)
0.0108 0.0175 0.0218 0.0215
101–400 vs. 0–10 1.79 (1.30–2.46) 1.76 (1.28–2.43) 1.70 (1.23–2.34) 1.67 (1.21–2.30)
0.0004 0.0005 0.0012 0.0017
>400 vs. 0–10 2.36 (1.70–3.26) 2.23 (1.61–3.09) 2.17 (1.56–3.00) 2.02 (1.46–2.81)
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Pack-years 35–44 vs. < 35 1.38 (0.99–1.93)
0.0607		 1.32 (0.95–1.85)
0.1		 1.31 (0.94–1.83)
0.1163
≥45 vs. < 35 2.17 (1.60–2.94)
<0.001		 1.94 (1.43–2.64)
<0.001		 1.90 (1.40–2.59)
<0.001
Smoking status Current vs. Former smokers 0.96 (0.70–1.31) 0.89 (0.64–1.21) 0.88 (0.64–1.20)
at baseline 0.78 0.45 0.4145
Smoking status Current vs. Former smokers 1.58 (1.20–2.08) 1.64 (1.24–2.17) 1.64 (1.24–2.16)
At the last follow-up 0.0013 0.0005 0.0005
BMI Underweight vs. normal weight 2.04 (1.10–3.80)
0.0245		 2.05 (1.10–3.83)
0.0243		 1.97 (1.05–3.70)
0.0336
Overweight/obese vs. normal weight 0.89 (0.71–1.10)
0.27		 0.84 (0.67–1.05)
0.12		 0.82 (0.66–1.02)
0.0746
CRP (mg/L) >2 vs. <=2 1.50 (1.21 –1.85)
0.0002		 1.49 (1.21–1.84)
0.0002
FEV1% 90–70 vs. > 90

<70 vs. > 90		 1.03
(0.81–1.31)
0.81
2.24 (1.69–2.98)
<0.001		 0.97
(0.76–1.23)
0.7829
2.04 (1.53–2.72)
<0.001
Prior diseases 1 vs 0

2 vs 0

3 vs 0		 1.18 (0.93–1.49)
0.1742
1.67 (1.22–2.29)
0.0015
2.82 (1.60–4.96)
0.0003

BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; FEV1%, percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s; HR, hazard ratio.

a

Model A included sex and age classes.

b

Model B included Model A variables and CAC score categories.

c

Model C included Model B variables and pack-years, smoking status at baseline, smoking status at the last follow-up, and BMI.

d

Model D included Model C variables and FEV1% and CRP.

e

Model E included Model D variables and prior diseases (cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes).