Table 2.

A summary of all adverse events reported in the literature among patients treated with proton pump inhibitors.

Death Hospitalization Cardiovascular events Cerebral ischemic diseases Ischemic cardiac diseases Acute kidney injury Chronic kidney disease Dementia Cancers Digestive tract cancers Gastric cancer Colon cancer Colorectal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Barrett’s Esophagus Pancreatic cancer Bone Fractures / Falls

Changes in gut microbiome Gastric fundic gland polyps Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Gastrointestinal infection Fundic gland polyps Gut dysbiosis Microscopic colitis Clostridium difficile Vitamin B12 deficiency Iron deficiency Anemia Hypomagnesemia Drug interaction Laboratory findings Glycemic Control Gastrin Levels and Gastric Histology

Dental implant failure Myopathy Hepatic encephalopathy Pneumonia Childhood asthma Following use in pregnancy Community-acquired pneumonia COPD Tuberculosis COVID-19