Table 2.
Pregnancy outcomes and HbA1c levels of the enrolled women
| Outcomes |
Sylhet-Bangladesh N = 2955 |
Karachi-Pakistan N = 2453 |
Pemba-Tanzania N = 4102 |
Total N = 9510 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
|
Stillbirth Gestational Age > 22 Weeks) |
N = 124 | N = 2831 | N = 91 | N = 2362 | N = 124 | N = 3978 | N = 339 | N = 9171 |
| HbA1c < 5.7 | 102 (82.3) | 2515 (88.8) | 81 (89.9) | 2253 (95.4) | 103 (86.1) | 3432 (86.3) | 286 (84.4) | 8200 (89.4) |
| HbA1c 5.7–6.4 | 20 (16.1) | 304 (10.7) | 5 (5.5) | 92 (3.9) | 13 (10.5) | 512 (12.9) | 38 (11.2) | 908 (9.9) |
| HbA1c ≥ 6.5 | 2 (1.6) | 12 (0.4) | 5 (5.5) | 17 (0.7) | 8 (6.4) | 34 (0.8) | 15 (4.4) | 63 (0.7) |
|
Preterm birth (< 37 weeks of Gestation) |
N = 331 | N = 2464 | N = 351 | N = 1961 | N = 210 | N = 3604 | N = 892 | N = 8029 |
| HbA1c < 5.7 | 288 (87.0) | 2194 (89.0) | 327 (93.2) | 1879 (95.8) | 175 (83.3) | 3116 (86.5) | 790 (88.6) | 7189 (89.5) |
| HbA1c 5.7–6.4 | 38 (11.5) | 263 (10.7) | 19 (5.4) | 71 (3.6) | 29 (13.8) | 461 (12.8) | 86 (9.6) | 795 (9.9) |
| HbA1c ≥ 6.5 | 5 (1.5) | 7 (0.3) | 5 (1.4) | 11 (0.6) | 6 (2.9) | 27 (0.7) | 16 (1.8) | 45 (0.6) |
|
Large for gestational age (> 10th centile) |
N = 30 | N = 2362 | N = 32 | N = 1943 | N = 470 | N = 3167 | N = 532 | N = 7472 |
| HbA1c < 5.7 | 25 (83.3) | 2099 (88.9) | 27 (84.4) | 1858 (95.6) | 382 (81.3) | 2747 (86.7) | 434 (81.6) | 6704 (89.7) |
| HbA1c 5.7–6.4 | 2 (6.7) | 255 (10.8) | 2 (6.3) | 75 (3.9) | 74 (15.7) | 403 (12.7) | 78 (14.6) | 733 (9.8) |
| HbA1c ≥ 6.5 | 3 (10.0) | 8 (0.3) | 3 (9.3) | 10 (0.5) | 14 (3.0) | 17 (0.5) | 20 (3.8) | 35 (0.5) |
| Cesarean section delivery | N = 385 | N = 2410 | N = 375 | N = 1815 | N = 132 | N = 3674 | N = 892 | N = 7899 |
| HbA1c < 5.7 | 339 (88.0) | 2143 (88.9) | 346 (92.3) | 1742 (96.0) | 108 (81.8) | 3175 (86.4) | 793 (88.9) | 7060 (89.4) |
| HbA1c 5.7–6.4 | 43 (11.2) | 258 (10.7) | 21 (5.6) | 65 (3.6) | 22 (16.7) | 468 (12.7) | 86 (9.6) | 791 (10.0) |
| HbA1c ≥ 6.5 | 3 (0.8) | 9 (0.4) | 8 (2.1) | 8 (0.4) | 2 (1.5) | 31 (0.9) | 13 (1.5) | 48 (0.6) |