Table 3.

Pooled and site-wise univariate analysis for adverse birth outcomes according to Hba1c levels

Outcomes	Sylhet-Bangladesh N = 2955	Karachi-Pakistan N = 2453	Pemba-Tanzania N = 4102	Total N = 9510
	RR(95%CI)	RR(95%CI)	RR(95%CI)	RR(95%CI)
Pregnancy ended in stillbirth (Gestational Age > 22 Weeks)	N = 124	N = 91	N = 124	N = 339
HbA1c < 5.7	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
HbA1c 5.7–6.4	1.6 (1.0–2.2)	1.5(0.6–3.6)	0.8(0.5–1.5)	1.2(0.9–1.7)
HbA1c ≥ 6.5	3.7 (1.6–13.4)	6.5(2.9–14.6)	6.5(3.4–12.5)	5.7(3.6–9.1)
Preterm birth (< 37 weeks of Gestation)	N = 331	N = 351	N = 210	N = 892
HbA1c < 5.7	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
HbA1c 5.7–6.4	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	1.1 (0.8–1.6)	1.0 (0.8–1.2)
HbA1c ≥ 6.5	3.6 (1.8–7.1)	2.1 (1.0–4.4)	3.4 (1.6–7.1)	2.6 (1.7–4.1)
Large for gestational age (> 10th centile)	N = 30	N = 32	N = 470	N = 532
HbA1c < 5.7	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
HbA1c 5.7–6.4	0.7 (0.2–2.8)	1.8 (0.4–7.5)	1.3 (1.0–1.6)	1.6 (1.3–2.0)
HbA1c ≥ 6.5	23.1 (8.2–65.6)	16.1 (5.6–46.5)	3.7 (2.5–5.5)	6.0 (4.2–8.6)
Caesarean section delivery	N = 385	N = 375	N = 132	N = 892
HbA1c < 5.7	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
HbA1c 5.7–6.4	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	1.5 (1.0–2.2)	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	1.0 (0.8–1.2)
HbA1c ≥ 6.5	1.8 (0.7–5.0)	3.2 (1.9–5.3)	1.9 (0.5–7.4)	2.1 (1.3–5.3)