Table 2.
Association between Birth-related Factors and PPD
| Variable | Categories | EPDS ≥ 13 | EPDS < 13 | Total | +P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prim parity | Yes | 53 (41.1%) | 66 (26.3%) | 119 (31.3%) | 0.003 |
| No | 76 (58.9%) | 185 (73.7%) | 261 (68.7%) | ||
| Complications | Yes | 55 (42.6%) | 86 (34.3%) | 141 (37%) | 0.110 |
| No | 74 (57.4%) | 165 (65.7%) | 239 (63%) | ||
| Place of birth | Governmental | 41 (31.8%) | 87 (34.7%) | 128 (33.7%) | 0.472 |
| Private | 84 (65.1%) | 149 (59.4%) | 233 (61.3%) | ||
| Agency | 4 (3.1%) | 13 (5.2%) | 17 (4.5%) | ||
| Others | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.7%) | 2 (0.5%) | ||
| Type of birth | Vaginal | 63 (48.8%) | 123 (49.0%) | 186 (48.9%) | 0.975 |
| C.S | 66 (51.2%) | 128 (51.0%) | 194 (51.1%) | ||
| Vacuum | Yes | 18 (28.6%) | 8 (6.5%) | 26 (14%) | < 0.001 |
| N = 186 | No | 45 (71.4%) | 115 (93.5%) | 160 (86%) | |
| Episiotomy | Yes | 38 (60.3%) | 73 (59.3%) | 111 (59.7%) | 0.899 |
| N = 186 | No | 25 (39.7%) | 50 (40.7%) | 75 (40.3%) | |
| Planned Pregnancy | Yes | 103 (79.8%) | 181 (72.1%) | 284 (74.7%) | 0.1 |
| No | 26 (20.2%) | 70 (27.9%) | 96 (25.3%) | ||
| Presence of Chronic disease | Yes | 12 (9.3%) | 37 (14.7%) | 49 (12.9%) | 0.134 |
| No | 117 (90.7%) | 214 (85.3%) | 331 (87.1%) | ||
| Rating of medical service | Excellent | 67 (51.9%) | 101 (40.2%) | 168 (44.2%) | 0.123 |
| Very well | 34 (26.4%) | 75 (29.9%) | 109 (28.7%) | ||
| Good | 20 (15.5%) | 41 (16.3%) | 61 (16.1%) | ||
| Acceptable | 5 (3.9%) | 23 (9.1%) | 28 (7.4%) | ||
| Bad | 3 (2.3%) | 11 (4.4%) | 14 (3.7%) |
+ Chi-squared test; Significant level at p < 0.05