. 2024 Jan 15;24:43. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-02887-6

Table 4.

Association between Psychological characteristics and PPD

Variable	Categories	EPDS ≥ 13	EPDS < 13 Depressed	Total	⁺P value
Personal history of mental illness	Yes	1 (0.7%)	5 (2.0%)	6 (1.6%)	0.368
Personal history of mental illness	No	128 (99.3%)	246 (98.0%)	374 (98.4%)	0.368
Treatment (N = 6)	Yes	0 (0.0%)	2 (66.7%)	2 (33.3%)	0.667^*
Treatment (N = 6)	No	3 (100.0%)	1 (33.3%)	4 (66.7%)	0.667^*
Family history of mental illness	Yes	4 (3.1%)	14 (5.6%)	18 (4.7%)	0.555
	No	102 (79.0%)	192 (76.5%)	294 (77.4%)
	Don’t know	23 (17.9%)	45 (17.9%)	68 (17.9%)
Stressful events in pregnancy	Yes	78 (60.5%)	104 (41.4%)	182 (47.9%)	< 0.001
Stressful events in pregnancy	No	51 (39.5%)	147 (58.6%)	198 (52.1%)	< 0.001

⁺ Chi-squared test; Significant level at p < 0.05. *Fisher’s exact test