Table 3. Pharmacokinetic Properties of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agentsa.
| contrast agents | generic name | elimination | metabolism | distribution | others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ablavar (or Vasovist) | Gadofosveset trisodium | 94% by kidneys | Not significantly metabolized | Vd: 150 mL/kg (2) | Significantly bound to plasma proteins: 79.8%–87.4% (between 0.05 and 4 h after injection) |
| 4.7% in feces | |||||
| CL: 6.57 ± 0.97 mL/h/kg (after injection of 0.03 mmol/kg) | |||||
| Artirem (or Clariscan/Dotagraf/Dotarem) | Gadoteric acid | 95% by kidneys: GFR | Not metabolized | Distribution in extracellular fluids | Does not bind to albumin |
| (Gadoterate, Gd-DOTA) | |||||
| Eovist (or Primovist) | Gadoxetic acid (gadoxetate) | 50% by kidneys | Not metabolized | Vdss: 210 mL/kg (extracellular volume) | Protein binding: < 10% |
| Gd-EOB-DTPA | 50% in bile | Transport influx in hepatocytes: OATP1B1 and B3 of the sinusoidal membrane82 | |||
| CL: 250 mL/min | Biliary excretion: MRP2 of the canalicular membrane82 | ||||
| Gadovist (or Gadavist) | Gadobutrol | 90% by kidneys | Not metabolized | Rapid distribution in extracellular fluids | No binding to plasma proteins |
| <0.1% in feces | Post-mortem: Traces of gadolinium in brain, bone, skin, liver, other organs and tissues (clinical relevance unknown) | Gender has no effect on gadobutrol PK | |||
| Magnevist (IV) | Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gadopenthetic acid dimeglumine) | >93% by kidneys | Not metabolized | Vd: 266 mL/kg (Extracellular volume) | No binding to plasma proteins |
| <0.1% in feces | |||||
| May be secreted into the gastrointestinal tract | |||||
| Multihance | Gadobenic acid (gadobenate) | 78%–96% by kidneys: GFR | Not metabolized | Vd: between 170 and 248 mL/kg (Extracellular volume) | Little binding to plasmaproteins |
| <25% by liver | Transport influx in hepatocytes: OATP1B1 and B3 of the sinusoidal membrane58 | ||||
| 0.6–4% in bile and feces | Biliary excretion: MRP2 of the canalicular membrane58 | ||||
| Omniscan | Gadodiamide | 95.4 ± 5.5% by kidneys | Not metabolized | Vd: 200 ± 61 mL/kg | No binding to plasma proteins |
| 0.03–0.06% in feces | |||||
| Optimark | Gadoverset-amide | 95.5 ± 17.4% by kidneys | Not metabolized | Vd: 162 ± 25 mL/kg (Extracellular volume) | No binding to plasma proteins |
| Prohance | Gadoteridol | 95% by kidneys: GFR | Not metabolized | Vd: 129 mL/kg (Extracellular volume) | No binding to plasma proteins |
a
Pharmacokinetic propreties according to Health Canada’s Drug Product Database and Compendium as of March 2023.