TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants and characteristics by vital status after 3 years follow-up
| All | Patients | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive | Dead | |||
| Total | 401 (100.00) | 357 (89.03) | 44 (10.97) | |
| Age years | 64.19±8.41 | 63.59±8.36 | 69.00±7.26 | <0.0001 |
| Male | 295 (73.57) | 255 (71.43) | 40 (90.91) | 0.0057 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 27.50±5.44 | 28.25±12.27 | 26.18±5.69 | 0.1304 |
| BMI >21 | 358 (89.95) | 326 (91.32) | 32 (78.05) | 0.0074 |
| Hospital admission (2 previous years) | 132 (32.92) | 102 (28.57) | 29 (65.91) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking habit pack-years | 44 (31–65) | 43 (30–60) | 62 (39–77.50) | 0.0038 |
| FEV1 L | 1.47±0.51 | 1.52±0.50 | 1.05±0.44 | <0.0001 |
| FEV1 % pred | 56.95±17.61 | 58.63±16.89 | 43.51±17.64 | <0.0001 |
| FEV1/FVC | 51.20±10.11) | 51.92±9.87 | 45.40±10.28 | <0.0001 |
| 6-min walk distance m | 476.73±108.34 | 493.03±95.49 | 340.98±114.66 | <0.0001 |
| Dyspnoea (mMRC) scale | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (2–3) | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity steps·day−1 | 6330 (3573–9586) | 6687 (4188–9782) | 2618 (997–4000) | <0.0001 |
| Health status | 0.0075 | |||
| Bad | 42 (10.47) | 32 (8.96) | 10 (22.73) | |
| Fair | 166 (41.40) | 145 (40.62) | 21 (47.73) | |
| Good | 176 (43.89) | 163 (45.66) | 13 (29.55) | |
| Very good/excellent | 17 (4.24) | 17 (4.76) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1.50–3) | <0.0001 |
| St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total | 41.18±17.57 | 39.54±17.27 | 52.79±15.45 | 0.0012 |
| COPD Assessment Test | 12.74±7.66 | 12.14±7.40 | 17.59±8.07 | <0.0001 |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | ||||
| Anxiety | 5 (2–8) | 5 (1–8) | 7 (3–10.50) | 0.0124 |
| Depression | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–5) | 5 (2–8.50) | 0.0005 |
| HADO.2 score (steps·day−1) | 6 (4–8) | 7 (5–8) | 3 (2–4.5) | <0.0001 |
| BODE index | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 4 (2–6) | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as n (%), mean±sd or median (interquartile range). BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale; HADO: health, activity, dyspnoea, obstruction; BODE: body mass index, obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise.